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Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
laurus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/07/27 02:00 UTC 版)
別の表記
- daurus (laurel)
語源
From Old Latin dacrus. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Related to Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”), and likely borrowed there from an Aegean or Anatolian language. Together with the rare variation δαυχμός (daukhmós) and the name δαῦκος (daûkos), used for some umbelliferous plants, Beekes derives δάφνη (dáphnē) from *dakʷ-(n-). It is possibly related to Latin lacrima, dacrima and Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru, “tear, resin”), themselves from *dáḱru- and this from the compound *dr̥ḱ-h₂eḱru- (eye-bitter), due to its poignancy as firewood, or its gummy sap. Traditionally, δαῦκος has been connected with δαίω (daíō, “to kindle, burn”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɫau̯.rʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈlaːu̯.rus]
名詞
laurus f (genitive laurī); second declension
- laurel tree
- (metonymic) laurels; a crown of laurel
語形変化
Second-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | laurus | laurī |
| genitive | laurī | laurōrum |
| dative | laurō | laurīs |
| accusative | laurum | laurōs laurūs |
| ablative | laurō | laurīs |
| vocative | laure | laurī |
同意語
- (laurel tree): laurea
- (crown of laurel): laurea
派生語
- *laurārius
- laurētum
- laureus
- lauricomus
- laurifer
- lauriger
- laurīnus
- lauripotēns
関連する語
- laurea
- laureātus
- laureola
派生した語
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: laru, lau, lavru
- Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: lavru
- Megleno-Romanian: laur
- Romanian: laur
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Central Italian: lauru, lauro, làvoro
- Corsican: ⇒ addoru
- Italian: loro (archaic), ⇒ alloro
- Neapolitan: làvoro, >? lauro
- Sicilian: aḍḍauru, >? lauru
- Venetan: ⇒ vialoro, doraro
- Gallo-Italic:
- Lombard: laur
- Piedmontese: làuro, laur
- Gallo-Romance:
- Northern:
- Old French: lor
- Old Lorrain: loir
- Old French: lor
- Southern:
- Old Catalan: lor
- Catalan: llor, llort
- Old Occitan: laur
- Occitan: laur (Rouergue)
- Old Catalan: lor
- Northern:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: lloru
- Old Galician-Portuguese: louro
- Galician: louro
- Portuguese: louro, loiro
- Spanish: loro (archaic)
- Borrowings:
- → Albanian: lar
- → Asturian: lauro (learned)
- → Esperanto: laŭro
- → Ido: lauro
- → Italian: lauro (learned)
- → Old Irish:
- Manx: laurys
- Scottish Gaelic: labhrais
- → Polish: laur (learned)
- → Portuguese: lauro (learned)
- →? Proto-Brythonic: *llọrɨβ̃
- Welsh: llawryf
- → Proto-West Germanic: *laur (see there for further descendants)
- → Spanish: lauro (learned)
Unsorted borrowings:
- → Belarusian: лаўр (lawr)
- → Bulgarian: лавър (lavăr)
- → Latvian: laurs
- → Lithuanian: laurų
- → Macedonian: лавор (lavor), ловор (lovor)
- → Russian: лавр (lavr) (see there for further descendants)
- → Samogitian: lauros
- → Serbo-Croatian: lȍvōr / ло̏во̄р
- → Pannonian Rusyn: ловор (lovor)
- → Slovene: lovor
- → Ukrainian: лавр (lavr)
参照
- ^ Walde, Alois; Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1938), “laurus”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 775-776
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 306-307
- ^ Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “δαῦκος [daûkos]”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), volume 1, Paris: Klincksieck, page 254-255 of 254-255
- AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 598: “l'alloro” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “laurus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, page 208
Further reading
- “laurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “laurus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “laurus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- "Lorbeer", Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (in German) [ Indices ], volume XIII,2 (1927), col. 1431ff.
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