「diffraction」の共起表現(2語左で並び替え)

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「diffraction」の共起表現一覧(2語左で並び替え)

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A point	diffraction interferometer is a type of common path int
Other methods of phasing a coherent	diffraction pattern include difference map algorithm an
A neutron	diffraction measurement requires a neutron source (e.g.
interstitial voids, which act as a natural	diffraction grating for visible light waves, especially
interstitial voids, which act as a natural	diffraction grating for light waves in photonic crystal
azing iridescence" is brought about through	diffraction of light (after back-reflection) by the win
is designed to block light and also manage	diffraction effects caused by removal of the light.
This obstruction and also the	diffraction spikes caused by the support structure (cal
Although the	diffraction limit severely constrains the range of the
fects in the crystal leads to an asymmetric	diffraction pattern with a complex valued inverse Fouri
en as a broadening of the peaks in an X-ray	diffraction as is explained by the Scherrer Equation.
An example	diffraction pattern.
t crystalline state, obtained with an X-ray	diffraction.
For Bragg reflections in neutron and X-ray	diffraction, the momentum difference between incoming a
thod but not to X-ray, neutron and electron	diffraction.
e evaluation of neutron, X-ray and electron	diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter.
the experimental areas of X-ray and neutron	diffraction.
ctural biology, x-ray, neutron and electron	diffraction, and protein plasticity.
However, AgO is diamagnetic and X-ray	diffraction studies show that silver atoms have two dif
lf-focusing refraction and self-attenuating	diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser be
echniques: Single crystal X-ray and neutron	diffraction, powder diffraction, solid state spectrosco
rnals Advances in X-ray Analysis and Powder	Diffraction.
ttering (WAXS), small incidence angle X-ray	diffraction and solid state 13C cross-polarization magi
e support a radically different approach to	diffraction measurement and include: (i) The summation
lved spectra at resolutions approaching the	diffraction limit.
al to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the	diffraction limit of a microscope as , where d is the r
egularities, although these are technically	diffraction artifacts.
structure of a crystalline solid acts as a	diffraction grating, scattering the electrons in a pred
e of a material by techniques such as Bragg	diffraction and helium atom scattering is much easier w
as long as crystals are available, as x-ray	diffraction needs numerous copies of the molecule being
que is therefore mostly performed as powder	diffraction.
in experimental technique (such as neutron	diffraction) and available computational power, the lat
le of nearly 180°, allowed him to avoid the	diffraction effects caused (by the apertures) in the ex
echnique is called Convergent Beam Electron	Diffraction (CBED) and can reveal the full three dimens
Because of	diffraction, a beam that is not a perfect plane wave wi
This is far below the	diffraction limit (~200 nm).
thods really do allow resolution beyond the	diffraction limit.
In 2008, Varian bought Oxford	Diffraction, a British company specializing in X-ray di
e, the larger the angle, α subtended by the	diffraction bands.
in a structural variety detectable by X-ray	diffraction techniques.
olids were initially characterised by X-ray	diffraction.
ilar to IF7, which was confirmed by neutron	diffraction at 1.5K.
tely structurally characterized by electron	diffraction in the gas phase.
minerals in the copiapite group is by X-ray	diffraction.
n of the NaCl lattice, as measured by x-ray	diffraction (XRD), served as a pressure indicator.
essfully crystallized and analyzed by X-ray	diffraction in 2003.
50s or earlier , but was confirmed by X-ray	diffraction analysis only in 2005
the laser focus (which is determined by the	diffraction limit).
re planar, as has been confirmed by neutron	diffraction studies, and is justified by VSEPR theory b
l wires of zinc, Cahn demonstrated by X-ray	diffraction that long strain-free crystallites had form
wave properties of the electron by electron	diffraction.
In meteorology, a corona is produced by the	diffraction of light from either the Sun or the Moon by
protein's structure was determined by X-ray	diffraction.
PuO2 and a higher oxide identified by X-ray	diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the
cture is non-rigid as evidenced by electron	diffraction studies.
Platelet swirling is caused by light	diffraction due to the alignment of normal discoid shap
lecular parameters were deduced by electron	diffraction and X-ray crystallography.
ndamental physical limitation is called the	diffraction limit of light.
isson discovered that electrons can undergo	diffraction, in accordance with French physicist Louis
that reduces the amount of flare caused by	diffraction of other stops and baffles in optical syste
n conclude that the phenomenon is caused by	diffraction because halos always have their red part on
Although a four-legged spider causes less	diffraction than a three-legged curved spider, the thre
he database of the International Centre for	Diffraction Data.
The International Centre for	Diffraction Data (ICDD) maintains a database of powder
ophysical methods, such as coherent neutron	diffraction studies of protein crystals in ionic soluti
he definition of the Von Laue condition for	diffraction peaks in x-ray diffraction crystallography.
Single crystal X-ray	diffraction analysis of this compound shows considerabl
Section A: Crystal Physics,	Diffraction, Theoretical and General Crystallography, p
icroscopy, and x-ray crystallography (x-ray	diffraction).
In x-ray crystallography, the	diffraction data when properly assembled gives the ampl
mson, who independently discovered electron	diffraction at about the same time as Davisson.
an spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray	Diffraction (EDXRD) can be used to discover counterfeit
eration solution is Energy Dispersive X-Ray	Diffraction (EDXRD) .
ng, Stokes, Wilson and Wilkins to DNA X-ray	diffraction studies.
sion with one grating is removed during the	diffraction operated by a second grating;
ich operates using a dynamically adjustable	diffraction grating.
oint in calculations in electron scattering	diffraction studies.
as co-authored a book, Electron Backscatter	Diffraction in Materials Science (Kluwer Academic/Plenu
nt for the diagonal mirror, eliminating the	diffraction effects from a "spider" secondary support.
le Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved	Diffraction Quality of Crystals (PCG-STES-IDQC)
ugh discovered in 1927, Low Energy Electron	Diffraction did not become a popular tool for surface a
Low Energy Electron	Diffraction: The Theory and Its Application to Determin
the aperture is large), the far-field Airy	diffraction pattern can also be obtained on a screen mu
mined, and the electron density map for the	diffraction pattern is calculated.
the use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray	diffraction experiments, now a widely used technique no
s well suited to X-rays such as for optical	diffraction microscopy that do not depend on the use of
for determining atomic structure from X-ray	diffraction.
le structure must be reconstructed from the	diffraction pattern.
information that can be extracted from the	diffraction pattern.
on screen are effectively far enough from a	diffraction aperture (for example a slit), then the wav
llowing decade Klug used methods from X-ray	diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to dev
particular, it could be determined from the	diffraction pattern, and was openly discussed by Frankl
arbon nanotube (left) is used to generate a	diffraction pattern (middle) for reconstruction (right)
tion, plain and coloured graduated filters,	diffraction, diffusion and polarizers.
tion to a Bessel beam, with greatly reduced	diffraction.
eeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron	diffraction reveals structure near the surface; neutron
A which Rosalind Franklin used in her x-ray	diffraction studies that rewarded Maurice Wilkins, Jame
High-resolution X-ray	diffraction is used to characterize thickness, crystall
re uniformly coloured black, however, light	diffraction by the surface texture of the feathers resu
e addressed 10,11.On the other hand, if the	diffraction geometry is insensitive to strain, such as
e determination of the phase from image and	diffraction plane pictures,” and was published in Optik
In X-ray	diffraction a beam strikes a crystal and diffracts into
rithm for retrieving the phases in Coherent	diffraction imaging.
In X-ray	diffraction the scattering factor f for an atom is roug
If no energy is gained or lost in the	diffraction process (it is elastic) then Kf has the sam
f the first Brown approximation in electron	diffraction.
ngle 2θ, producing a reflection spot in the	diffraction pattern.
Sharp features in the	diffraction pattern arise from periodic, repeating stru
quantum mechanical effect consisting in the	diffraction of a well-collimated particle beam (often a
on, arguing that the new reflections in the	diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.
several maxima and minima, like in optical	diffraction patterns).
In the	diffraction of an ultrashort pulse (in the femtosecond,
s are large compared to those used in X-ray	diffraction.
een studied by many methods including X-Ray	diffraction, neutron diffraction, and electron diffract
the sunlight creating an interesting color	diffraction which both highlights the glasswork and pro
rnal colors by causing the interference and	diffraction of light passing through the microstructure
From its electron	diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to
rocal space is placed at the tip of Ki then	diffraction will occur only for reciprocal lattice poin
He also discovered what are known as	diffraction bands.
process can be described by Bragg's Law of	diffraction.
through the material, and using the laws of	diffraction to determine its atomic spacing.
ms research in interference lithography and	diffraction grating fabrication.
s, e.g., 2000X, and even higher, as long as	diffraction fringes are not present to distort the imag
this process, the mathematically predicted	diffraction patterns of an hypothesized or "model" stru
of a beam of light through a medium without	diffraction.
ical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray	diffraction and so on, some involving preparation of th
allography using multi-wavelength anomalous	diffraction (MAD).
The multiple Fresnel	diffraction at nearly placed periodical ridges (ridged
and has been the subject of numerous X-ray	diffraction, spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
om which part of the specimen to obtain the	diffraction pattern.
Picture of Schaefer-Bergmann	diffraction: He-Ne laser through tellurium dioxide AOD.
electron lenses allows the geometry of the	diffraction experiment to be varied.
Michelson described various cases of N-slit	diffraction.
, can be measured from the intensity of the	diffraction pattern and can thus be known experimentall
image, by the design and arrangement of the	diffraction grating.
Henry Lipson on the development of optical	diffraction analogue methods.
The Born approximation of the	diffraction of a beam of electrons by atomic nuclei is
attern emerges as the incoherent sum of the	diffraction patterns associated with the individual dom
ze in Physics for his discovery of electron	diffraction.
The free spectral range of a	diffraction grating is the largest wavelength range for
uantum mechanical wave nature of particles,	diffraction effects have also been observed with atoms
where a is the period of the	diffraction grating and λ is the wavelength of the ligh
Loveday is considered a pioneer of neutron	diffraction at high pressure, holding several relevant
xcitation light) and the use of holographic	diffraction gratings, etc [for beam diffraction of whit
d his discovery of the peculiarities of the	diffraction of light rays reflected by a concave mirror
s on nuclear detectors and the use of x-ray	diffraction, fluorescence, and crystallography to study
l Prize in Physics for his discovery of the	diffraction of X-rays by crystals, which was a crucial
mproved data using the technique of neutron	diffraction that allowed the hydrogen atoms to be locat
A phased array is an example of N-slit	diffraction.
Determining the phases of a	diffraction pattern is crucial since the diffraction pa
maldi, Italian physicist, discoverer of the	diffraction of light (d.
mained unanswered until the advent of x-ray	diffraction in the 20th century.
Stokes continued to work on optical	diffraction in large biological molecules.
first to make accurate observations on the	diffraction of light (although by some accounts Leonard
are cooled with a cold nitrogen stream on a	diffraction apparatus to prevent the solvent freezing i
used to identify substances based on x-ray	diffraction data, and is designed for use with a diffra
ed orientation such as wire textures on the	diffraction data may be significantly reduced without t
of the International Commission on Electron	Diffraction, 1957-66, and a member of the Safety in Min
l carbon atom of around 130° based on X-ray	diffraction.
ew experimental techniques based on neutron	diffraction, electron microscopy, and synchrotron x-ray
Optical Spectrometer (AOS) is based on the	diffraction of light at ultrasonic waves.
ed in 1941 as the Joint Committee on Powder	Diffraction Standards (JCPDS).
izontal line image is then projected onto a	diffraction grating, which is a very finely etched refl
two of the three input beams), or real-time	diffraction pattern, in the material.
namic holography with no unwanted orders of	diffraction.
ciple is the same as that of other electron	diffraction methods such as LEED and RHEED, but the obt
It is the second concept to overcome the	diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy pub
umber occurring in optics, in particular in	diffraction theory.
o the specimen, one can in effect perform a	diffraction experiment over several incident angles sim
ndard laboratory methods (like Powder X-Ray	Diffraction)
and quantified in mixtures by powder x-ray	diffraction.
Powder X-ray	diffraction (PXDR) is used to determine structure.
A prism or	diffraction grating can be used to disperse the light.
mall hole, however, can produce significant	diffraction effects and a less clear image due to the w
X-rays produce a	diffraction pattern because their wavelength is typical
ch inevitably affects image quality through	diffraction artifacts.
een rays, Airy theory, Rayleigh scattering,	diffraction approximation.
This reduces the	diffraction sidelobe intensities by a factor of about f
itive identification usually requires x-ray	diffraction analysis.
, which was confirmed by two separate X-Ray	diffraction studies of single crystals.
en be more than one solution for any set of	diffraction data.
Scattering, Reflectivity and Single Crystal	Diffraction Experiments.
crystalline material become very small, the	diffraction signals become very wide.
er beam through the SIL can be smaller than	diffraction limit in air, and the density of the associ
ing conditions, Mass Spectrometry, Electron	Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDS) and other techniques.
zation of scrutinyite by the standard X-ray	diffraction (XRD) technique was hindered by scarcity of
lectronic transport theory and the study of	diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves.
Cochran went on to study neutron	diffraction with Bertram Brockhouse and used lattice dy
He invented a Goniometer to study X-ray	diffraction of crystals for which he received the Dudde
t Henry Brougham persuaded him to study the	diffraction of light.
light of that wavelength may be subject to	diffraction from the grating created by the stacked pla
nalyzing many features of crystals, such as	diffraction and the band gap.
achieve spatial resolution better than the	diffraction limit in air, for both far-field imaging an
n dimensions about 100 times smaller than a	diffraction limited beam, creating an optical hybridize
of the smallest feature in an image that is	diffraction limited is the size of the Airy disc.
al/near infrared has the advantage that the	diffraction limit corresponds to a smaller angle for a
The Mott scattering is the theoretical	diffraction pattern produced by such a mathematical mod
onvolution of the ideal image with the Airy	diffraction pattern due to diffraction from the iris ap

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「diffraction」の共起表現一覧(2語左で並び替え)