「diffraction」の共起表現(2語右で並び替え)

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「diffraction」の共起表現一覧(2語右で並び替え)

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The Born approximation of the	diffraction of a beam of electrons by atomic nuclei is
Although a four-legged spider causes less	diffraction than a three-legged curved spider, the thre
quantum mechanical effect consisting in the	diffraction of a well-collimated particle beam (often a
	Diffraction from a circular aperture.
Fraunhofer	diffraction by a square sperture
mson, who independently discovered electron	diffraction at about the same time as Davisson.
isson discovered that electrons can undergo	diffraction, in accordance with French physicist Louis
It operates through the	diffraction process according to Bragg's law.
mproved data using the technique of neutron	diffraction that allowed the hydrogen atoms to be locat
Powder	diffraction is also a common method for determining str
Neutron	diffraction is an alternative non-destructive method wh
In the	diffraction of an ultrashort pulse (in the femtosecond,
, can be measured from the intensity of the	diffraction pattern and can thus be known experimentall
tion, plain and coloured graduated filters,	diffraction, diffusion and polarizers.
echnique is called Convergent Beam Electron	Diffraction (CBED) and can reveal the full three dimens
used to identify substances based on x-ray	diffraction data, and is designed for use with a diffra
and has been the subject of numerous X-ray	diffraction, spectroscopic and theoretical studies.
where a is the period of the	diffraction grating and λ is the wavelength of the ligh
of the International Commission on Electron	Diffraction, 1957-66, and a member of the Safety in Min
mall hole, however, can produce significant	diffraction effects and a less clear image due to the w
re planar, as has been confirmed by neutron	diffraction studies, and is justified by VSEPR theory b
s on nuclear detectors and the use of x-ray	diffraction, fluorescence, and crystallography to study
llowing decade Klug used methods from X-ray	diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to dev
e support a radically different approach to	diffraction measurement and include: (i) The summation
interferometer using three microfabricated	diffraction gratings and Na atoms in the group around P
particular, it could be determined from the	diffraction pattern, and was openly discussed by Frankl
Section A: Crystal Physics,	Diffraction, Theoretical and General Crystallography, p
, applications of the Geometrical Theory of	Diffraction, and applications and extensions of the Fin
rial can be called nanocrystalline when the	diffraction signals are too sharp to originate from an
on, arguing that the new reflections in the	diffraction pattern are due to clay impurities.
s, e.g., 2000X, and even higher, as long as	diffraction fringes are not present to distort the imag
Sharp features in the	diffraction pattern arise from periodic, repeating stru
asured, and was determined to have the same	diffraction pattern as those predicted by Bragg for X-r
attern emerges as the incoherent sum of the	diffraction patterns associated with the individual dom
chromatic aberration fell within the large	diffraction pattern at focus).
Through neutron	diffraction studies at low temperatures, Iron(II) fluor
in experimental technique (such as neutron	diffraction) and available computational power, the lat
Neutron	diffraction can be used to establish the structure of l
In X-ray	diffraction a beam strikes a crystal and diffracts into
Because of	diffraction, a beam that is not a perfect plane wave wi
n dimensions about 100 times smaller than a	diffraction limited beam, creating an optical hybridize
	Diffraction occurs because the wavelength of electrons
X-rays produce a	diffraction pattern because their wavelength is typical
crystalline material become very small, the	diffraction signals become very wide.
Cochran went on to study neutron	diffraction with Bertram Brockhouse and used lattice dy
the sunlight creating an interesting color	diffraction which both highlights the glasswork and pro
In 2008, Varian bought Oxford	Diffraction, a British company specializing in X-ray di
sion with one grating is removed during the	diffraction operated by a second grating;
acts as a slit, emitting radio waves, their	diffraction pattern can be calculated by adding the pha
tween dark and light bands decrease until a	diffraction effect can no longer be detected.
an spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray	Diffraction (EDXRD) can be used to discover counterfeit
e area of around 100,000 mm², though powder	diffraction work can use a rather smaller active area.
the aperture is large), the far-field Airy	diffraction pattern can also be obtained on a screen mu
A prism or	diffraction grating can be used to disperse the light.
of measurements in connection with electron	diffraction and cathode-ray oscillography.
is designed to block light and also manage	diffraction effects caused by removal of the light.
This obstruction and also the	diffraction spikes caused by the support structure (cal
le of nearly 180°, allowed him to avoid the	diffraction effects caused (by the apertures) in the ex
Fresnel	diffraction showing central Arago spot
ocusing in a plasma can balance the natural	diffraction and channel a laser beam.
X-ray	diffraction is commonly used to determine the crystalli
Powder	diffraction is commonly used to identify unknown substa
ge with a grating (similar to a very coarse	diffraction grating) comprising fine parallel wires, an
al/near infrared has the advantage that the	diffraction limit corresponds to a smaller angle for a
He invented a Goniometer to study X-ray	diffraction of crystals for which he received the Dudde
Bragg	diffraction from crystals, used in inelastic scattering
X-ray	diffraction in crystals, imperfect crystals and amorpho
and services of the ICDD include the Powder	Diffraction File databases, educational workshops, clin
through the material, and using the laws of	diffraction to determine its atomic spacing.
een studied by many methods including X-Ray	diffraction, neutron diffraction, and electron diffract
echniques: Single crystal X-ray and neutron	diffraction, powder diffraction, solid state spectrosco
onvolution of the ideal image with the Airy	diffraction pattern due to diffraction from the iris ap
	Diffraction grating effects are sometimes seen in meteo
xcitation light) and the use of holographic	diffraction gratings, etc [for beam diffraction of whit
ms research in interference lithography and	diffraction grating fabrication.
R) is an advanced type of three dimensional	diffraction grating for microwave RF (Radio-Frequency)
interstitial voids, which act as a natural	diffraction grating for visible light waves, especially
interstitial voids, which act as a natural	diffraction grating for light waves in photonic crystal
X-ray	diffraction patterns for six-line (top) and two-line (b
A holographic grating is a type of	diffraction grating formed by an interference-fringe fi
e a theoretical explanation of the electron	diffraction pattern from a thin mica film.
nt for the diagonal mirror, eliminating the	diffraction effects from a "spider" secondary support.
n conclude that the phenomenon is caused by	diffraction because halos always have their red part on
uantum mechanical wave nature of particles,	diffraction effects have also been observed with atoms
e of a material by techniques such as Bragg	diffraction and helium atom scattering is much easier w
Loveday is considered a pioneer of neutron	diffraction at high pressure, holding several relevant
antum-mechanical calculations with electron	diffraction data, if the latter are not sufficient to d
It is the second concept to overcome the	diffraction barrier in far-field optical microscopy pub
achieve spatial resolution better than the	diffraction limit in air, for both far-field imaging an
er beam through the SIL can be smaller than	diffraction limit in air, and the density of the associ
two of the three input beams), or real-time	diffraction pattern, in the material.
he definition of the Von Laue condition for	diffraction peaks in x-ray diffraction crystallography.
Other methods of phasing a coherent	diffraction pattern include difference map algorithm an
The electron	diffraction spectrum indicates that the monomer is plan
This reduces the	diffraction sidelobe intensities by a factor of about f
The SANS	diffraction pattern-if interpreted in real space-corres
lf-focusing refraction and self-attenuating	diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser be
The X-ray powder	diffraction pattern is very distinctive and unlike any
A point	diffraction interferometer is a type of common path int
values of momentum transfer where the Bragg	diffraction condition is satisfied and for diffraction
of the smallest feature in an image that is	diffraction limited is the size of the Airy disc.
en as a broadening of the peaks in an X-ray	diffraction as is explained by the Scherrer Equation.
Powder	diffraction (XRD) is a technique used to characterise t
mined, and the electron density map for the	diffraction pattern is calculated.
The free spectral range of a	diffraction grating is the largest wavelength range for
Qualitatively, where the	diffraction pattern is recorded and analysis of the spo
e addressed 10,11.On the other hand, if the	diffraction geometry is insensitive to strain, such as
The Fraunhofer	diffraction equation is then
X-ray	diffraction analysis is required for positive identific
Powder X-ray	diffraction (PXDR) is used to determine structure.
Determining the phases of a	diffraction pattern is crucial since the diffraction pa
Working back from the observed	diffraction pattern, it may be possible to deduce the s
riodic wave distribution is incident upon a	diffraction grating, its image is repeated at regular d
in electrical discharges, and upon electron	diffraction and its applications to the study of surfac
Stokes continued to work on optical	diffraction in large biological molecules.
Picture of Schaefer-Bergmann	diffraction: He-Ne laser through tellurium dioxide AOD.
first to make accurate observations on the	diffraction of light (although by some accounts Leonard
lectronic transport theory and the study of	diffraction of light by ultrasonic waves.
rnal colors by causing the interference and	diffraction of light passing through the microstructure
d his discovery of the peculiarities of the	diffraction of light rays reflected by a concave mirror
azing iridescence" is brought about through	diffraction of light (after back-reflection) by the win
In meteorology, a corona is produced by the	diffraction of light from either the Sun or the Moon by
maldi, Italian physicist, discoverer of the	diffraction of light (d.
Optical Spectrometer (AOS) is based on the	diffraction of light at ultrasonic waves.
t Henry Brougham persuaded him to study the	diffraction of light.
l wires of zinc, Cahn demonstrated by X-ray	diffraction that long strain-free crystallites had form
Froude-Krylov force does, together with the	diffraction force, make up the total non-viscous forces
ng AXRS or XRAS is a technique within X-ray	diffraction that makes use of the anomalous dispersion
	diffraction pattern matching Dawes' limit
as co-authored a book, Electron Backscatter	Diffraction in Materials Science (Kluwer Academic/Plenu
ed orientation such as wire textures on the	diffraction data may be significantly reduced without t
vector Q of the Bragg peak about which the	diffraction is measured”3.
Henry Lipson on the development of optical	diffraction analogue methods.
ew experimental techniques based on neutron	diffraction, electron microscopy, and synchrotron x-ray
For Bragg reflections in neutron and X-ray	diffraction, the momentum difference between incoming a
Fresnel	diffraction, or near-field diffraction occurs when this
The multiple Fresnel	diffraction at nearly placed periodical ridges (ridged
ugh discovered in 1927, Low Energy Electron	Diffraction did not become a popular tool for surface a
the use of synchrotron radiation for X-ray	diffraction experiments, now a widely used technique no
as long as crystals are available, as x-ray	diffraction needs numerous copies of the molecule being
rocal space is placed at the tip of Ki then	diffraction will occur only for reciprocal lattice poin
ndamental physical limitation is called the	diffraction limit of light.
le Locker Thermal Enclosure System-Improved	Diffraction Quality of Crystals (PCG-STES-IDQC)
The	diffraction pattern of a crystal can be used to determi
le to calculate what the theoretical powder	diffraction pattern of the phase would look like.
The X-ray	diffraction patterns of plastic crystals are characteri
Single crystal X-ray	diffraction analysis of this compound shows considerabl
, which was confirmed by two separate X-Ray	diffraction studies of single crystals.
X-ray	diffraction studies of [TTF][TCNQ] revealed stacks of p
this process, the mathematically predicted	diffraction patterns of an hypothesized or "model" stru
ophysical methods, such as coherent neutron	diffraction studies of protein crystals in ionic soluti
al to Ernst Karl Abbe, who approximated the	diffraction limit of a microscope as , where d is the r
Powder	diffraction patterns of very small single crystals, or
arch pioneering optical approaches to x-ray	diffraction based on the Fourier transform.
er in materials characterization with x-ray	diffraction and on the structural analysis of crystalli
50s or earlier , but was confirmed by X-ray	diffraction analysis only in 2005
that reduces the amount of flare caused by	diffraction of other stops and baffles in optical syste
	Diffraction smears out colors that would be created by
o the specimen, one can in effect perform a	diffraction experiment over several incident angles sim
e determination of the phase from image and	diffraction plane pictures,” and was published in Optik
The Mott scattering is the theoretical	diffraction pattern produced by such a mathematical mod
ctural biology, x-ray, neutron and electron	diffraction, and protein plasticity.
onomy, forward scatter is the deflection-by	diffraction, nonhomogeneous refraction, or nonspecular
A neutron	diffraction measurement requires a neutron source (e.g.
An echelle spectrograph uses two	diffraction gratings, rotated 90 degrees with respect t
structure of a crystalline solid acts as a	diffraction grating, scattering the electrons in a pred
In X-ray	diffraction the scattering factor f for an atom is roug
n of the NaCl lattice, as measured by x-ray	diffraction (XRD), served as a pressure indicator.
Although the	diffraction limit severely constrains the range of the
His thesis, titled	Diffraction of shock waves by a thin wing-Symmetric and
However, AgO is diamagnetic and X-ray	diffraction studies show that silver atoms have two dif
	Diffraction geometry, showing aperture (or diffracting
ical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray	diffraction and so on, some involving preparation of th
ttering (WAXS), small incidence angle X-ray	diffraction and solid state 13C cross-polarization magi
X-ray	diffraction is still considered the ultimate proof of a
eeply into matter as X-rays, hence electron	diffraction reveals structure near the surface; neutron
ciple is the same as that of other electron	diffraction methods such as LEED and RHEED, but the obt
Since thirty years, Modern	diffraction theory suggests two main group techniques t
zation of scrutinyite by the standard X-ray	diffraction (XRD) technique was hindered by scarcity of
X-ray	diffraction shows that due to pi-pi interactions the ar
A which Rosalind Franklin used in her x-ray	diffraction studies that rewarded Maurice Wilkins, Jame
s well suited to X-rays such as for optical	diffraction microscopy that do not depend on the use of
X-ray	diffraction measures the cell parameter, a, which is us
tely structurally characterized by electron	diffraction in the gas phase.
This eliminates	diffraction of the incoming light that is caused by the
ly, as evaluated by the dynamical theory of	diffraction for the absorption-less case.
According to X-ray	diffraction analysis, the reagent traded under the name
Optical examination and x-ray powder	diffraction indicated the mineral to be related to bora
e evaluation of neutron, X-ray and electron	diffraction for the investigation of condensed matter.
nalyzing many features of crystals, such as	diffraction and the band gap.
re uniformly coloured black, however, light	diffraction by the surface texture of the feathers resu
as distinguished by the Dynamical theory of	diffraction with the Bragg diffracted beam leaving the
light of that wavelength may be subject to	diffraction from the grating created by the stacked pla
Electron	Diffraction and the Davisson-Germer Experiment
Schaefer-Bergmann	diffraction is the resulting diffraction pattern of lig
From its electron	diffraction pattern, the mineral has been considered to
mained unanswered until the advent of x-ray	diffraction in the 20th century.
Low Energy Electron	Diffraction: The Theory and Its Application to Determin

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「diffraction」の共起表現一覧(2語右で並び替え)