Folwarkとは 意味・読み方・使い方

Folwark (Lithuanian: Palivarkas) is a Polish word for a primarily serfdom-based farm and agricultural enterprise (a type of latifundium), often very large. Folwarks were operated in the Crown of Poland from the 14^th century and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since the 15^th century, from the second half of the 16^th century in the joint Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and survived after the partitions of the Commonwealth in the Russian Empire until the early 20^th century. Purpose of folwarks was to produce surplus produce for export. The first folwarks were created on church- and monastery-owned grounds; later they were adopted by both nobility (szlachta) and rich peasants (singular: sołtys).