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語源

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek νεῦρον (neûron, “nerve”), doublet of nerve and sinew. By surface analysis, neuro- +‎ -on.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/, /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/
• (Canada) IPA: /ˈnjəɹɑn/
• 韻: -ʊəɹɒn, -uːɹɒn, -ɜːɹɒn

名詞

neuron (plural neurons or neura)

1. (cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

   Synonyms: neurocyte, nerve cell

   • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

     The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2. (zoology) A nervure of an insect's wing.
3. (artificial intelligence) A mathematical function serving as an essential unit of an artificial neural network.

派生語

関連する語

参考

• neura
• neurode
• neuron on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Further reading

• “neuron”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “neuron”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “neuron”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.