英和和英

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos, a variant of *néwos (“new”). Cognate with Old Frisian nī, Old Saxon niuwi, Old High German niuwi, Old Norse nýr, and Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niujis). Extra-Germanic cognates include Lithuanian naũjas, Old Irish nuae, and Sanskrit नव्य (návya).

発音

• IPA: /ˈni͜yː.we/

形容詞

nīewe

1. new

   Līciaþ þē mīne nīewan sċōs?

   Do you like my new shoes?

   • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

     Ōsrēd, þe wæs Norþanhymbra cining, æfter wræcsīþe hām cumenum ġelǣht wæs ⁊ ofslagen on XVIII Kƚ Octoƀ ⁊ his līc liġþ æt Tīnamūþe. ⁊ Æþelrēd cining feng tō nīwan wīfe, sēo wæs Ælflēd ġehāten, on III Kƚ Octobr̃.

     Osred, who was king of Northumbria, was apprehended and slain on the 17th of October after coming home from his exile, and his body lies at Tynemouth. And King Aethelred took a new wife, whose name was Aelfled, on the third of October.

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Ūðwitan willaþ simle hwæthwugu nīewes and seldcūðes īewan.

     Philosophers always want to show something new and strange.

使用する際の注意点

• The combining form is nī- when used adverbially, that is with verbs and verbal derivatives: nībacen (“fresh-baked”), nīcenned (“newborn”).
• While nīewe is the expected outcome of Proto-Germanic *niwjaz in the Early West Saxon dialect, the form nīwe is much more common within the corpus, almost to the total exclusion of the expected form. As the Late West Saxon of Ælfric also exclusively uses the form nīwe, and never *nȳwe, it is likely that the EWS nīwe form reflects a genuine, irregular sound change, predating the smoothing of the īe diphthong in LWS. This change is also seen in hīew, as well as a similar change occuring for the suffix -sċiepe (though for the ie diphthong).

語形変化

反意語

• eald

派生語

• ælnīewe (“brand new”)
• ednīewe (“renew”)
• nīewan (“recently”)
• nīewlīċe (“recently”)
• nīewnes (“novelty”)

派生した語

• Middle English: newe, new, neue, nywe, neowe (Early Middle English or West Midland)
  • English: new
  • Scots: new