英和和英

語源

Borrowed from French positivisme, from positif (“positive”). By surface analysis, positiv(e) +‎ -ism.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈpɒzɪtɪvˌɪzm/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈpɑzɪtɪvˌɪzm/

名詞

positivism (countable and uncountable, plural positivisms)

1. (philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.

   Antonym: antipositivism

   • 1980, David Held, Introduction to Critical Theory, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 164:

     The goal of positivism is to construct an objective, empirical and systematic foundation for knowledge. Given the above five tenets, it follows that positivists would hold that the world is composed of ‘facts’, or ‘sense data’ (or ‘atoms’).

   • 2012, Lydia Pyne, Stephen J. Pyne, The Last Lost World, Penguin, →ISBN:

     History, and its literary expression, narrative, were not scientific, and so did not deserve the attention that true sciences did. Only science could yield positive knowledge—hence the passion for positivism, and the origin of the term.

2. (law) A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values; i.e., the law is posited by lawmakers (people).

   Synonym: legal positivism

派生語

関連する語

• positivist

参考

• Comtism