出典:Wiktionary
Usually in English, the Latin diphthong ae is Anglicized as /i/, a long e sound. The original Latin diphthong was pronounced /aɪ/, as a long i. The pronunciation of vertebrae ending in /eɪ/ with a long a is undoubtedly more common, but generally frowned upon by orthoepists as it is not supported by etymology (like the long i) or analogy (like the long e), only usage. Since all three are supported by their own argument, they are all acceptable.
脊髄.
the spinal cord
the spinal cord
the spinal cord
the vertebral column
ほお骨
the skull
the hipbone
the shoulder-joint
脊柱.
the spinal column
the spinal column
「vertebrae」は名詞「vertebra」の複数形です