Wiktionary英語版
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aestas
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/04/11 20:24 UTC 版)
語源
According to De Vaan, the term probably derives from Proto-Italic *aissāts, itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ-teh₂t-s, from the root *h₂eydʰ-. De Vaan proposes that the form *aissāts then underwent the analogical restoration of the suffix -tās during the transition to Latin.
De Vaan criticizes an alternative etymology from *h₂e-h₂idʰ-eti, an i-reduplicated thematic present from the same root. This theory proposes that the aforementioned PIE form yielded *aīð-tu-, whence *aistu-, which is itself supposedly the source of both aestās and aestus. However, De Vaan argues that the existence of this reduplicated disyllabic PIE term is "unfounded." Moreover, De Vaan notes that -dʰt- becomes -ss- in Latin rather than -st-, preferring instead *h₂eydʰ-teh₂ts Proto-Italic *aissāt-s, which then had the suffix -t- consonant restored.
Cognate with Latin aestus, Ancient Greek αἴθω (aíthō), and 古期英語 ād (“pyre”).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈae̯s.taːs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɛs.tas]
語形変化
Third-declension noun.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | aestās | aestātēs |
| genitive | aestātis | aestātum |
| dative | aestātī | aestātibus |
| accusative | aestātem | aestātēs |
| ablative | aestāte | aestātibus |
| vocative | aestās | aestātēs |
派生語
- aestīvus
関連する語
- aestus
派生した語
- Emilian: estè, estèd
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian:
- Campidanese: stadi
- Logudorese: istade
- Sardinian:
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: instuat
- Italian: estate (latinized), istate, state
- Sicilian: astati
- Venetan: istà
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: istât, instât
- Romansh: stad, sted
- Gallo-Romance:
- Old French: esté
- Middle French: esté
- French: été
- Norman: êté (Jersey), étaï (Guernsey)
- Walloon: esté
- Middle French: esté
- Old French: esté
- Occitano-Romance:
- Old Occitan: estat
- Ibero-Romance:
- Spanish: estad
参考
参照
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aestās”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 28
Further reading
- “aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “aestas”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “aestas”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “aestas”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 24: Refonte A–Aorte, page 229
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