英和和英

語源

Borrowed from a Germanic language, from Frankish *bannan (“to summon, proclaim”). First attested in Gregory of Tours, 578 C.E., meaning “prohibition”; current from late 8th century on.

発音

• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈban.nus]

名詞

bannus m (genitive bannī); second declension (Medieval Latin)

1. ban, prohibition
   1. banishment, outlawry
   2. written statement of a ban or of a judicial sentence
   3. (by extension) decree, public regulation
   4. (Ecclesiastical Latin) excommunication or interdict
      • c. 1106, anonymous author, Vita Heinrici IV Imperatoris, published 1855, page 7:

        Qua surreptione delusus Apostolicus, simul et honore creandi regis, quem sibi fallaciter obtulerant, impulsus, regem banno innodavit, et episcopis aliisque regni principibus, ut a communione excommunicati regis se retraherent, denuntiavit […]

        The delusional pope, impelled by both theft and the honour of creating a king, which they had deceitfully arrogated, bound the king by excommunication and denounced him to the bishops and other princes of the kingdom so that they would withdraw from communion with the excommunicated king […]

2. punishment for contravening a regulation, especially a fine (e.g. “the king’s ban”)
   • 9th century, Benedict Levita, Capitularium Collectio, cap. 231:

     Sanguinis effusio in ecclesia facta cum fuste, si presbiter fuerit, triplo componatur, duae partes eidem presbitero, tertia pro fredo ad ecclesiam, insuper et bannus noster.

     For blood spilled in a church with a cudgel, if it was [of] a presbyter, amends are to be made in three parts, two parts to the same presbyter, the third as an indemnity to the Church, and our ban in addition.

   1. confiscation
3. jurisdiction, right
   1. legal authority, specifically or in general; a right or legal privilege
   2. an institution with such authority, a public authority
   3. area in which such authority is recognized
   4. a tax or tribute pertaining to such a right
   5. monopoly or object governed by such
4. summons, official citation
   • 802, Charlemagne, Capitulare Missorum Generale [Programmatic Capitulary], cap. 7:

     Ut ostile bannum domni imperatori nemo praetermittere praesumat

     That no one should presume to neglect the military summons of the lord the emperor

5. official proclamation of peace

語形変化

Second-declension noun.

派生語

派生した語

• Sicilian: bannu

参照

• "bannus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• bannus in Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1967– ) Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch, Munich: C.H. Beck
• Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976) “bannus”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill
• Erb, Teja, Schneider, Johannes (2006) “Bannus. Zur Geschichte einer mittellateinischen Wortgruppe im europäischen Bezug”, in Bulletin du Cange (in German), number 64