to read characters derived from Chinese by their Japanese pronunciations
books or other written material from China
a method of speech notation in which Roman letters are used for writing Japanese words called Romaji
a sound which nearly corresponds to one Japanese kana character
to write Japanese characters into romaji called {kunrei-shiki Romaji}
of the written Japanese language, Manyo kana
in written Japanese, the character 'ne'
the "d" line in the Japanese syllabary