英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish فرمان (fermân), from Classical Persian فرمان (farmān, “command, order, decree”).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈfɜː.mən/
• (General American) IPA: /ˈfɜɹ.mən/, [ˈfɝ.mən]

名詞

firman (plural firmans)

1. (historical) a royal decree issued by a sovereign in certain historical Islamic states, especially by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

   Hyponym: hatti-sherif

   • 1821 August 8, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, Cantos III, IV, and V, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto IV, (please specify the stanza number):

     his Sublimity's firman, The most imperative of sovereign spells, / Which every body does without who can […]

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 134:

     He managed to obtain from the vizier a firman bearing the Emir's personal seal and ordering all Bokharan officials to assist the party in every way possible.

   • 2005, Coleman Phillipson, International Law And The Great War:

     It will be noted that the title of Sultan was adopted partly because that of Khedive had been conferred by an Ottoman firman.

別の表記

• farman, ferman, pharmaund, phirmaund

参照

Further reading

• Firman in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)