英和和英

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz, originally a present participle of the weak verb *frijōną (“to love, to free”) (古期英語 frēoġan), from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to like, love”). Corresponding to frēoġan +‎ -nd.

Cognate with Old Frisian friūnd, Old Saxon friund, Old High German friunt, Old Norse frændi, Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌹𐌾𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (frijōnds).

発音

• IPA: /fre͜oːnd/

名詞

frēond m

1. friend
   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 15:15

     Ne telle iċ ēow tō þēowan ... Iċ tealde ēow tō frēondum...

     I don't consider you servants ... I considered you friends...

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies

     Ġyf þonne ǣfre ġebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne onġytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ġe on mōde ġe on līchaman, and on ðām ilċan worce and on ðām ylċan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

     If then it ever happen that thou sċhalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?

2. (rare) lover

使用する際の注意点

• In Late Old English, the dative singular is often frēonde and the nominative/accusative plural is often frēondas.

語形変化

Strong nd-stem:

同意語

• (lover): lufiend
• wine (poetic)

反意語

• fēond

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: frend, frende, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind, freond (early or Western), froend (Herebert)
  • English: friend (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind
  • Yola: vriene, friend
  • → Welsh: ffrind

参考

• cūþ (“acquaintance”)