Wiktionary英語版
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gramen
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/24 20:22 UTC 版)
語源
Uncertain. The term may reflect Proto-Italic *grāmen, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰṛh₁-mṇ. However, De Vaan proposes that the possible connection with Proto-Germanic *grasą allows for the reconstruction of a Proto-Indo-European form *gʰṛh₁-s-mṇ, which could have produced Proto-Italic *grāsmen. However, the etymology of the Germanic forms is itself slightly complicated. It is not possible to derive the Germanic terms directly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥h₁-s-, though De Vaan suggests a possible secondary development. In either case, the term would ultimately derive from the root *gʰreh₁-, whence also English grass. De Vaan alternatively suggests a possible substrate origin, noting the limited distribution of cognates.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈɡraː.mɛn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈɡraː.men]
語形変化
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | grāmen | grāmina |
| genitive | grāminis | grāminum |
| dative | grāminī | grāminibus |
| accusative | grāmen | grāmina |
| ablative | grāmine | grāminibus |
| vocative | grāmen | grāmina |
同意語
- (grass, herb): herba
派生語
- grāmineus (see there for further descendants)
- grāminōsus
- rādix grāminis
派生した語
Through the plural grāmĭna:
- Asturian: grama (“Bermuda grass”)
- Catalan: gram, grama (“Bermuda grass”)
- Galician: grama (“couch/Bermuda grass”)
- Piedmontese: gramon (“couch grass”)
- Portuguese: grama (“grass”)
- Sardinian: ràmene, eràmine, gràmine (“couch/Bermuda grass”)
- Spanish: grama (“grass”)
Borrowings:
- → Albanian: gram
- → French: gramen
- ⇒ English: graminivorous, graminoid
参照
- “gramen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “gramen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "gramen", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “gramen”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 269
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