英和和英

発音

• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) IPA: /ˈsʌbˌstɹeɪt/
• (General Australian, New Zealand) IPA: /ˈsɐbˌstɹæɪt/
• ハイフネーション: sub‧strate

名詞

substrate (plural substrates)

1. An underlying layer; a substratum.
2. The substance lining the bottom edge of an enclosure.

   The substrate of an aquarium can affect the water's acidity.

   Stream substrate affects fish longevity.

3. (biochemistry) A substance acted upon, as by an enzyme.
4. (biology) A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached.

   The rock surface of a rockpool is the substrate for a sessile organism such as a limpet.

   • 2000, Mike Hansell, Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour, →ISBN, page 90:

     This definition [of "tool"] is not simple, but contains several elements. The tool must not be part of the animal's body (a beak is not a tool); the user must manipulate the tool in some way for it to realise its function; and, finally, a tool cannot be attached to the substrate. This is a fairly clear definition, but does seem to produce some rather arbitrary distinctions (Hansell 1987b). The spider Dinopis, for example, makes a small web which it holds in its legs, thrusting it down on passing ants. This is a tool, but all other webs, however complex, are not since they are anchored to the substrate. The woodpecker finch […] that uses a fine stick held in the beak to extract insect prey from wood, is a tool user, but a shrike […] that impales an insect on a thorn still attached to the bush is not.

   • 2006, Edward A. Wasserman, Thomas R. Zentall, Comparative Cognition: Experimental Explorations of Animal Intelligence, →ISBN, page 520:

     Detach/subtract [tasks involve] Severing a fixed attachment between environmental objects (or the substrate) or removing object(s) from another unattached object, so the latter is a more useful tool.

   • 2015 December 29, “Spatial Patterns in the Distribution, Diversity and Abundance of Benthic Foraminifera around Moorea (Society Archipelago, French Polynesia)”, in PLOS ONE‎, →DOI:

     Amphisteginids and peneroplids were among the few taxa found in the bay environments, probably due to their preferences for phytal substrates and tolerance to moderate levels of eutrophication.

5. (linguistics) A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers.

   Antonym: superstrate

6. (plating) A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties.
7. (construction) A surface to which a substance adheres.

同意語

• underlayer
• (underlying layer; linguistics): substratum

派生語

動詞

substrate (third-person singular simple present substrates, present participle substrating, simple past and past participle substrated)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To strew or lay under.
   • 1663, Robert Boyle, “(please specify the page)”, in Some Considerations Touching the Vsefulnesse of Experimental Naturall Philosophy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Hen[ry] Hall printer to the University, for Ric[hard] Davis, →OCLC, part I:

     The melted glass being supported by the substrated sand.

形容詞

substrate (comparative more substrate, superlative most substrate)

1. Having very slight furrows.

参照

• substrate on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “substrate”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Participle

substrāte

1. vocative masculine singular of substrātus