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語源 1

From 中期英語 moderat(e) (“moderate, temperate”), borrowed from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“to regulate, to restrain, to moderate”) (see -ate (adjective-forming suffix)), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“a measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native 古期英語 ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”). Cognate with French modéré.

形容詞

moderate (comparative more moderate, superlative most moderate)

1. Not excessive; acting in moderation

   moderate language

   a moderate Calvinist

   travelling at a moderate speed

   • 1731, Jonathan Swift, The Presbyterians Plea of Merit:

     A number of moderate members managed […] to obtain a majority in a thin house.

2. (pathology) more than mild, less than severe
3. Mediocre
4. Average priced; standard-deal
5. Not violent or rigorous; temperate; mild; gentle.

   a moderate winter

   • 1859, Arthur Hugh Clough, Life of Sertorius:

     These are called the Islands of the Blest; rains fall there seldom, and in moderate showers, but for the most part they have gentle breezes, bringing along with them soft dews

6. (US, politics) Having an intermediate position between liberal and conservative.

   Synonym: middle-of-the-road

同意語

• See also Thesaurus:moderate
• See also Thesaurus:intermediate

派生語

語源 2

From a substantivization of the above adjective, see -ate (noun-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

名詞

moderate (plural moderates)

1. One who holds an intermediate position between extremes, as in politics.

   While the moderates usually propose political compromise, it's often only achieved when the extremists allow them so

   The moderates are the natural advocates of ecumenism against the fanatics of their churches.

   • 2022 June 29, Christian Wolmar, “Strike settlement held back by ministers”, in RAIL, number 960, page 43:

     On the other side, RMT General Secretary Mick Lynch (a moderate) has to contend with the hardliners on his executive, whose intentions go way beyond trying to sort out their members' terms and conditions.

2. (Christianity, historical) One of a party in Scottish Church history dominant in the 18th century, lax in doctrine and discipline, but intolerant of evangelicalism and popular rights. It caused the secessions of 1733 and 1761, and its final resultant was the Disruption of 1843.

語源 3

From 中期英語 moderaten (“to restrain, curb; (law) modify”), from moderat(e) +‎ -en (verb-forming suffix), borrowed from Latin moderātus, see -ate (verb-forming suffix) and Etymology 1 for more.

動詞

moderate (third-person singular simple present moderates, present participle moderating, simple past and past participle moderated)

1. (transitive) To reduce the excessiveness of (something).

   Synonyms: accoy, mitigate, soften, temper, temperate

   to moderate rage, action, desires, etc.

   • 1731, John Arbuthnot, An Essay Concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC:

     By its astringent Quality, it moderates the relaxing quality of warm Water.

   • 2000, Paul G. Coleman, Positron Beams and Their Applications, page 309:

     This leaves two strategies to increase the current in a positron beam. First is to provide a stronger positron source and second is to develop a more efficient method to moderate the source positrons into a monoenergetic beam.

2. (intransitive) To become less excessive.

   Synonyms: cool, settle down, soften, ease off

   He used to be an extremist but moderated later in life.

3. (transitive) To preside over (something) as a moderator.

   Synonyms: arbitrate, chair

   to moderate a synod

4. (intransitive) To act as a moderator; to assist in bringing to compromise.

   We need more users to volunteer to moderate the comment section of our forum.

5. (transitive, physics) To supply with a moderator (substance that decreases the speed of neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increases likelihood of fission).

   a graphite-moderated reactor

派生語

関連する語

参照

• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “moderate”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “moderate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

参照

• “moderate”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “moderate”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers