英和和英

語源

From Old Latin ioubeō, from Proto-Italic *jouðeō, from earlier *jouðejō, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyowdʰéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *Hyewdʰ- (“move upright”), likely an extension of *h₂ey- (“life, age”). Indirectly cognate with iūrō and iūs, aevum and iūgis, and possibly with imitor and imāgō.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjʊ.be.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjuː.be.o]

動詞

iubeō (present infinitive iubēre, perfect active iussī, supine iussum); second conjugation

1. (Old Latin, Classical Latin) to authorize, to legitimate, to make lawful, to homologate, to pass (a bill or law or decision)
   • c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 1028–1030:

     MESS. Sic sine igitur, si tuom negas me esse, abire liberum.
     MEN. Mea quidem hercle causa liber esto atque ito quo voles.
     MESS. Nempe iubes?
     MEN. Iubeo hercle, si quid imperi est in te mihi.

     MESS. Very well then, sir, if you say I'm not yours, let me go free.
     MEN. Lord, man, be free so far as I am concerned, and go where you like.
     MESS. So you authorize me, indeed?
     MEN. Lord, yes I authorize it, if I am supposed to decide over you.

2. to bid, to command, to order [with the infinitive of the action ordered to be done]

   Synonyms: imperō, praecipiō, praescrībō, ēdīcō, mandō, iniungō, dictō, indīcō, pōnō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.576–578:

     “[...] Equidem per lītora certōs
     dīmittam, et Libyae lūstrāre extrēma iubēbō,
     sī quibus ēiectus silvīs aut urbibus errat.”

     “For my part, I shall send forth reliable [men] along the shores, and order [them] to search the furthest edges of Libya, [to see] whether the shipwrecked [Aeneas] wanders some woods or towns.” – Queen Dido

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.14:

     […] : mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.

     […] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.

   • c. 11th century, Bayeux Tapestry, scene 35:

     Hic Willelm dux iussit navēs edificāre

     Here, William ordered ships to be built

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

同意語

• imperō, mandō, praecipiō

派生語

• iussiō
• iussus

派生した語

• → Italian: iubere

参照

• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “jubeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iubeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
    
  • to let those present fix any subject they like for discussion: ponere iubere, qua de re quis audire velit (Fin. 2. 1. 1)
    
  • to greet a person: aliquem salvere iubere (Att. 4. 14)
    
  • I bid you good-bye, take my leave: te valere iubeo
    
  • to separate from, divorce (of the man): aliquam suas res sibi habere iubere (Phil. 2. 28. 69)
    
  • to reject a bill: legem antiquare (opp. accipere, iubere)
    
  • to ratify a law (used of the people): legem iubere
    
  • to declare a law valid: legem ratam esse iubere
    
  • the law orders, forbids (expressly, distinctly): lex iubet, vetat (dilucide, planissime)
    
  • to banish a man from his native land: e patria exire iubere aliquem
    
  • the senate decreed (and the people ratified the decree) that..: senatus decrevit (populusque iussit) ut
    
  • good luck to you: macte virtute (esto or te esse iubeo)
    
• Willi, Andreas (2001), “Lateinisch iubēre, griechisch εὐϑύς und ein indogermanisches Rechtskonzept”, in Historische Sprachforschung‎ (in German), volume 114, number 1. H., pages 117–146