英和和英

語源 1

名詞

lang (plural langs)

1. Abbreviation of language

派生語

語源 2

Inherited from Northern 中期英語 lang (“long”) (southern long).

形容詞

lang (comparative langer, superlative langest)

1. (obsolete outside Northumbria) long

使用する際の注意点

• "Lang" was still used for "long" in several northern English dialects at the time of the Survey of English Dialects, but it is now virtually extinct.

派生語

Further reading

• “lang”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

アナグラム

• Angl.

語源

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos.

Cognate with Old Frisian long, Old Saxon lang, Old High German lang, Old Norse langr, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs), and outside of Germanic, with Latin longus.

発音

• IPA: /lɑnɡ/, [lɑŋɡ]

形容詞

lang (comparative lengra, superlative lenġest)

1. long
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Iċ onġiete þæt iċ þē hæbbe āþrotenne mid þȳ langan spelle.

     I can see I've bored you with that long tangent.

   • preface to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript E

     Bretene īeġland is eahta hund mīla lang and twā hund brād.

     The island of Britain is eight hundred miles long and two hundred miles wide.

   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     Þonne blōtmōnaþ ġeendaþ, þonne biþ sēo niht sixtīene tīda lang and sē dæġ eahta tīda.

     At the end of November, the nights are sixteen hours long and the days are eight hours.

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 893

     Sē wudu is ēastlang and westlang hundtwelftiġes mīla lang oþþe lengra and þrītiġes mīla brād.

     The forest is 120 miles long or longer from east to west, and 30 miles wide.

   • late 9th century, Old English Martyrology

     On þā swīðran healfe þām ingange is stǣnen bedd seofon fōta lang and þrim mundum hīere þonne þæs hūses flōr.

     To the right of the entrance, there is a stone bed that is seven feet long and three hands higher than the floor of the house.

   • late 9th century, anonymous translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

     Ne wēne iċ, nū iċ lang spell hæbbe tō seċġenne, þæt iċ hīe on þisse bēċ ġeendian mæġe, ac iċ ōðre onġinnan sċeal.

     Since I have some long stories to tell, I don't think I can finish them in this book, so I'll have to start another one.

   • c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints

     Hē ǣt þā and dranc and eft wearþ on slǣpe, ac sē enġel hine āwreahte ōðre sīðe and cwæþ, "Ārīs hraðe and et. Þū hæfst swīðe langne weġ."

     Then he ate and drank and went back to sleep, but the angel woke him up a second time and said, "Come on, get up and eat. You have a very long journey ahead of you."

   • Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 897

     Þā hēt Ælfrēd cyning timbran langsċipu onġēan þā æscas. Þā wǣron fulnēah twā swā lang swā þā ōðru. Sumu hæfdon sixtiġ āra, sumu mā. Þā wǣron ǣġðer ġe swiftran ġe unwealtran ġe ēac hīeran þonne þā ōðru; nǣron nāwðer ne on Frīsisċ ġesċeapen ne on Denisċ, ac swā him selfum þūhte þæt hīe nytwierðest bēon meahten.

     Then King Alfred had longships built to oppose the askar [small, light Viking ships used for raids]. They were almost twice as long as the others. Some had 60 oars, some more. They were both swifter and steadier as well as higher than the others, and they were not based on Frisian design or Danish, but on what he himself thought would be the most useful.

   • c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English

     Ān nama is þissum ġelīċe on ġeendunge and nā on andġiete: hic senior ("þēs ealda mann oþþe ealdor"). Þā ōðre sind ealle mǣst werlīċes cynnes (hic doctor "þēs lārēow," hic salīnātor "þēs sealtere"), and ealle unlīchamlīċe (hic furor "þēos hātheortnes," horror "ōga," labor "ġeswinc," sūdor "swāt," pallor "blācung," pudor "sċamu," decor "wlite," calor "hǣtu," fervor "wielm," rubor "rēadnes oþþe sċamu," algor "ċiele"), and ealle þās and ōðre þyslīċe habbaþ langne ō on ġebīeġedum fiellum.

     One noun is like these in ending but not in meaning: hic senior ("this old person or elder"). The others are almost all masculine (hic doctor "this teacher," hic salinator "this salter"), including all the abstract nouns (hic furor "this fury," horror "horror," labor "labor," sudor "sweat," pallor "paleless," pudor "shame," decor "beauty," calor "heat," fervor "boiling heat," rubor "redness or shame," algor "coldness"), and all of these and others like them have a long o in inflected cases.

2. tall
   • c. 1000, unknown author, Vercelli Homily IX

     Ġif hwelċ mann biþ on helle āne niht, þonne biþ him lēofre þæt hē hangiġe seofon þūsende wintra on þām lenġestan treowe ufeweardum.

     Anyone who spends one day in hell would rather hang for seven thousand years from the top of the tallest tree.

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Þæt is nū þæs līchaman gōd þæt man sīe fæġer, and strang, and lang, and brād, and manegu ōðru gōd ēac þām.

     The virtues of the body are that a person is beautiful, strong, tall, and broad, and many other virtues besides these.

   • c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints

     Þā ġeseah hē onġemang ōðrum twēġen ġeonge cneohtas, þæt hīe wǣron wlitiġe on hīewe and lange on wæstmum.

     Then he (Trajan) spotted two boys in the crowd and noticed they were beautiful in appearance and tall in stature.

語形変化

反意語

• sċort

派生語

派生した語

• Middle English: long, longe (Late Middle English), lang, lange (Early Middle English or Northern)
  • English: long

    Geordie: lang

  • Middle Scots: lang
    • Scots: lang
  • Yola: lhaung, long

形容詞

lang

1. (Early Middle English, Northern) inflection of long:
   1. weak singular
   2. strong/weak plural

語源 2

副詞

lang

1. (Early Middle English, Northern) alternative form of longe (adverb)

接尾辞

-lang

1. (programming, informal) Combining with the names of programming languages, especially those which may be confused with common English words.
   • 2020 April 30, Liam Tung, “Microsoft: Why we used programming language Rust over Go for WebAssembly on Kubernetes app”, in ZDNET‎, archived from the original on 30 June 2024:

     "One of the biggest ones to point out is that async runtimes are still a bit unclear," noted Thomas. He also said the learning curve was difficult, which chimes with top obstacles to Rust adoption revealed in Rustlang's most recent survey of developers.

   • 2021 July 27, Ravie Lakshmanan, “Hackers Turning to 'Exotic' Programming Languages for Malware Development”, in The Hacker News‎, archived from the original on 20 May 2024:

     Threat actors are increasingly shifting to "exotic" programming languages such as Go, Rust, Nim, and Dlang that can better circumvent conventional security protections, evade analysis, and hamper reverse engineering efforts.

   • [2021 October 8, u/theclapp, “What's up with people not liking the term "golang"?”, in Reddit‎, r/golang, archived from the original on 11 August 2024:

     I don't mind people saying Golang. Once. In a title or a tag or something. So search engines can find it. Once. Once. Fucking once.]

   • 2023 May 17, Thomas Claburn, “Google Go language goes with opt-in telemetry”, in The Register‎, archived from the original on 2 August 2024:

     For the Golang community, it didn't help that the language came out of Google, an advertising platform with accessories.

   • 2023 July 26, Alex Lashkov, “The New Wave of Programming Languages: Pony, Zig, Crystal, Vlang, and Julia”, in Hackaday‎, archived from the original on 8 July 2024:

     Vlang's simplicity and performance are promising, but its novelty results in a lack of comprehensive libraries and the small community. The language is also under constant changes which may cause instability and compatibility issues.

   • 2023 December 11, Connor Jones, “Memory-safe languages so hot right now, agrees Lazarus Group as it slings DLang malware”, in The Register‎, archived from the original on 2 August 2024:

     The researchers noted that DLang is an uncommon choice for writing malware, but a shift towards newer languages and frameworks is one that's been accelerating over the last few years – in malware coding as in the larger programming world.

2. (conlanging, linguistics, informal) Combining form of language.

   ‎proto- + ‎-lang → ‎protolang

   ‎auxiliary + ‎-lang → ‎auxlang

派生語