英和和英

名詞

liberal profession (複数形 liberal professions)

1. A liberal profession is an occupation pursued in relation to an ideal of public service and requiring substantial mastery of complex skills in the liberal arts or sciences which cannot be delegated to assistants.
   • "Liberal professions and illiberal politics: Hungary from the Habsburgs to the Holocaust" title of book by Mária M. Kóvacs, 1994.

Its precise extent is debateable. It certainly covers the law and medicine; probably architecture, science, the actuaries, and teaching in universities (かつ perhaps the most advanced teaching in secondary schools); and possibly the more challenging kinds of accountancy, of engineering and of government service.

It is effectively an anglicisation of the French term "profession libérale". Originally borrowed by English users in the nineteenth century, it has been re-borrowed by international users from the late twentieth. However, it is not clear that the meaning in the latter contexts has remained unchanged: these seem to focus less precisely and may extend it to cover any occupation requiring advanced technical knowledge or which can be followed in self-employment. In particular, the (upper-middle) class overtones of the term do not seem to survive retranslation. It is probably indicative of this that the International Labour Organisation translates "profession libérale" not by "liberal profession" but by "professional service". (http://www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ILO-Thesaurus/english/tr4620.htm).

参照

• "It is perhaps of interest that those in the EU institutions have recently turned their collective minds to defining “liberal professions”, which are, according to the Directive on Recognition of Professional Qualifications (2005/36/EC) “those practised on the basis of relevant professional qualifications in a personal, responsible and professionally independent capacity by those providing intellectual and conceptual services in the interest of the client and the public”." The Pharmaceutical Journal Vol 278 No 7456 p703
• "A profession originally meant that the practitioners "professed" something; they were driven by an ideal not just a salary. The most obvious example is the medical profession which formally states its purpose in the Hippocratic Oath. A "liberal profession" is one where the practitioner is widely educated and, as such, is not just a technician but a wise person." http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100218105936AAMGK4H