英和和英

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɒkjʊləm/

名詞

poculum (plural pocula)

1. (historical) A drinking-cup used in Ancient Rome.
   • 1989, Anthony Burgess, The Devil's Mode:

     They sat together over elaborate glass pocula blown in Cologne; the wine too was Rhenish.

関連する語

語源

From Proto-Italic *pōklom, from Proto-Indo-European *péh₃tlom, derived from the root *peh₃- (“to drink”) (whence also bibō). It is possible that an earlier form of the word prior to the sound change of *-tl- > *-kl- was loaned into Etruscan putlumza.

Cognate with Old Irish ól, and Sanskrit पात्र (pātra).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpoː.kʊ.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpɔː.ku.lum]

名詞

pōculum n (genitive pōculī); second declension

1. a drinking cup

   Vīsne pōculum merī?

   Would you like a cup of strong wine?

2. as used in context to describe the experience of social drinking: having a drink, etc.
   • 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Cato Maior de Senectute 14.46:

     Mē vērō et magisteria dēlectant ā maiōribus īnstitūta, et is sermō, quī mōre maiōrum ā summō adhibētur in pōculō; et pōcula, sīcut in Symposiō Xenophontis est, minūta atque rōrantia […] .

     As for me, I truly delight in both the presiding roles [at banquets], as established by our ancestors, and in that style of conversation which, by ancient custom, is led from the head of the couch during the wine; and [I enjoy] the cups — just as [they are described] in Xenophon’s Symposium — small in size and filled by driblets.
     (The first poculo is a metonymy in which the cup itself represents the social event or experience: “over a cup,” “while having a cup,” “at the party,” “during the wine,” “while the wine is flowing.” The second instance refers to Xenophon’s Symposium, 2.26, which suggests an optimal amount of alcohol to serve party guests.)

語形変化

Second-declension noun (neuter).

派生語

• pōculentus

派生した語

• → English: poculum
• →⇒? Etruscan: putlumza
• Galician: púcaro
• Italian: poculo
• Portuguese: púcaro
  • → Spanish: búcaro
    • → Italian: bucchero, buccaro (archaic)
      • → English: bucchero
• Spanish: póculo

参照

• “poculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “poculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "poculum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “poculum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to drain the cup of poison: poculum mortis (mortiferum) exhaurire (Cluent. 11. 31)
    
  • I drink your health: propīno tibi hoc (poculum, salutem)
    
  • whilst drinking; at table: inter pocula
    
  • to empty a cup at a draught: exhaurire poculum
    
• “poculum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “poculum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pōtus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 485