英和和英

語源 1

From Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wes-.

The simple present forms originate from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no infinitive or past tense in Proto-Germanic, but had already formed a single paradigm with *wesaną supplying the infinitive and past tense.

発音

• IPA: /ˈwe.sɑn/, [ˈwe.zɑn]

動詞

wesan

1. to be, exist
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy

     Þā cwæþ hē, "Wāst þū hwæt mann sīe?" Þā cwæþ iċ, "Iċ wāt þæt hit biþ sāwol and līchama."

     Then he said, "Do you know what a person is?" So I said, "I know it's a soul and a body."

   • c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 9:12

     Þā cwǣdon hīe tō him, "Hwǣr is hē?" Þā cwæþ hē, "Iċ nāt."

     Then they said to him, "Where is he?" And he said, "I don't know."

使用する際の注意点

• The verbs bēon and wesan both mean to be, but in different circumstances. Wesan is used for the present tense in most contexts. For the future and for what is known as the "gnomic present", bēon is used; see it for more information.
• Both bēon and wesan are copulative verbs, which means they are not transitive and do not take a direct object. Because of this, predicate nouns and adjectives will be in the nominative case. For example: Hēo is iċ ("She is I"), not *Hēo is mē ("She is me").
• In the Anglian dialects, the present plural indicative form earon occurred alongside the sind/sindon forms. This may have been due to influence or loaning from the Old Norse cognate vera/vesa, or it may be an earlier native form that was lost entirely in the southern dialects.
• A regularised present plural indicative form wesaþ is also attested a few times. This hypercorrect form may have been influenced by the imperative plural (which was identical to the present plural indicative in typical strong and weak verbs), or perhaps the infinitive.

Conjugation

同意語

• bēon

派生語

• ætwesan (“to be present”)
• forewesan (“to be before”)
• ġewesan (“to be together”)
• wist (“being”)

語源 2

From Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to consume, feast”), derived from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to graze”). The only (possible) attestation is in the form weaxan in line 3115 of Beowulf, argued to be a misspelling of weosan.

発音

• IPA: /ˈwe.sɑn/, [ˈwe.zɑn]

動詞

wesan

1. to consume or feast
   • c. 1000, Beowulf (Cotton MS Vitellius A XV)‎, lines 3114-15:

     "Nū sceal glēd fretan (weaxan wonna lēg) ⁠wigena strengel [...]"

     “Fire shall devour (and wan flames feed) on the fearless warrior [...]"

使用する際の注意点

• The precise verb class is unknown. It is shown here according to what would be its etymologically inherited form, a class 5 strong verb.

Conjugation

派生した語

• >? Middle English: wesen (“to tend flocks, pasture”)

語源 3

From Proto-West Germanic *wōsijan, from Proto-Germanic *wōsijaną, from *wōsą.

発音

• IPA: /ˈweː.sɑn/, [ˈweː.zɑn]

動詞

wēsan

1. to soak; to macerate; to dye
2. to ooze

Conjugation

派生語

• wēsa
• wēsing

関連する語

• wōs

派生した語

• Middle English: wesen
  • English: weeze
  • Scots: weese, weeze, wease

Further reading

• John R. Clark Hall (1916), “wesan”, in A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎, 2nd edition, New York: Macmillan, page 350
• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “wesan”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

参照