出典:Wiktionary
出典:Wikipedia
出典:『Wikipedia』 (2011/06/26 03:06 UTC 版)
Semu (色目 in Chinese characters) is the name of a caste established in China under the Yuan Dynasty. Contrary to popular belief, the term "Semu" (interpreted literally as "color-eye") did not imply that caste members had "colored eyes" in contrast with black-eyed Mongol Yuan people. It in fact meant "assorted categories" (各色名目, ge4 se4 ming2 mu4), emphasizing the ethnic diversity of Semu people. They had come to serve the Yuan Khanate by enfranchising under the dominant Mongol caste. The Semu were not a self-defined and homogeneous ethnic group per se, but one of the four castes of the Yuan Dynasty: the Mongol, Semu (or Semuren), Khitay (Hanren in Chinese) and Manji (Nanren in Chinese). Among the Semu were Buddhist Turpan Uyghurs, Tanguts and Tibetans; Christian Assyrians; Alans; Russians; Muslim Arabs, and various Islamic Persian and Turkic peoples including the Khwarazmians and Karakhanids.