英和和英

名詞

barma (plural barmy or barmas)

1. A regal Russian mantle or neckpiece made of gold, encrusted with diamonds and other gems.
   • 1873, William Palmer, editor, Testimonies Concerning the Patriarch Nicon, the Tsar, and the Boyars, from the Travels of the Patriarch Macarius of Antioch, London: Trübner and Co., […], page 390:

     The tsar kissed the regalia, and covering the cross and the barma, gave them on the dish to the protopope, and the crown he gave to Lucian Stepan.

   • 1974, Medals and Coins of the Age of Peter the Great, page 46:

     Half-length figure of Peter, three-quarters, in full regalia, with barmas, Cap of State, sceptre and orb.

   • 1991, Paul D. Steeves, editor, The Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union: Apocrypha-Basilians, Academic International Press, →ISBN, page 221:

     The barmy consisted of panels of lace fastened together to form a circular fabric, which when laid on the tsar’s shoulders over his robe looked like a broad collar.

   • 2001, Barry Shifman, Guy Walton, editors, Gifts to the Tzars 1500-1700: Treasures from the Kremlin, Harry N. Abrams, →ISBN, page 148:

     Barmy were official attributes of the authority of the grand duke and later the tsar.

   • 2006, Science in Russia, page 81:

     In 1831 the Armory got a welcome addition in what was described as “the Ryazan treasure”, the gold princely pendants and barmas, the small shoulder mantles of precious décor worn by Moscovite princes.

Further reading

• Regalia of the Russian tsars § The Barmas on Wikipedia.Wikipedia