英和和英

名詞

outgroup (plural outgroups)

1. (sociology) The group of people who do not belong to one's own social group.
   • 2022 May 2, Zachary Goldberg, “Explaining Shifts in White Racial Liberalism: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions and Media Effects”, in Georgia State University‎, archived from the original on 25 January 2025, pages 9, 13:

     This dissertation promises to correct for this theoretical deficit by formulating, elaborating, and ultimately testing a group-based moral emotions account in which white Americans’ moral appraisals of and attitudes towards racial/ethnic outgroups are considerably influenced by those of and towards fellow whites. […] On the basis of the insights from intergroup emotions theory, Chapter 3 derives and presents a series of preliminary hypotheses that are designed to test the relative importance of white shame and guilt for white Americans’ support for equity-oriented pro-black policies (e.g. affirmative action, financial reparations) and expressions of outgroup favoritism.

2. (systematics) In cladistics, all the taxa included in a study that do not belong to the ingroup that is of immediate interest.
   • 2009 January 15, Martin D. Brazeau, “The braincase and jaws of a Devonian 'acanthodian' and modern gnathostome origins”, Nature Volume 457 No. 7227, doi:10.1038/nature07436:

     A cladistic analysis of 45 ingroup and two outgroup taxa was performed on the basis of 134 characters.

   • 2012, Dongyou Liu, Molecular Detection of Human Parasitic Pathogens, page 293:

     To study the genetic relationships among diphyllobothroid tapeworms, other members of the Diphyllobothriidae are considered, with T. solium as the outgroup.

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “systematics”): ingroup
• (antonym(s) of “sociology”): ingroup

動詞

outgroup (third-person singular simple present outgroups, present participle outgrouping, simple past and past participle outgrouped)

1. To form an outgroup.