Wiktionary英語版
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castrum
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/09/14 15:36 UTC 版)
名詞
- (historical) Among the Ancient Romans, a building or plot of land used as a military defensive position.
語源
From Proto-Italic *kastrom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”) + Proto-Indo-European *-trom (Latin -trum) (Watkins, 1969). Cognate with Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastrá, “cutting tool, sword”). See also castrō, careō.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkas.trũː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈkas.t̪rum]
名詞
castrum n (genitive castrī); second declension
- castle, fort, fortress
- (chiefly in the plural) several soldiers' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment
語形変化
派生した語
参照
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “castrum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 97-8
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1988), The Proto-Indo-European Instrument Noun Suffix *-tlom and its Variants (Historisk-filosofiske Meddelelser; 55), Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, →ISBN, page 16: “3.1.1. *k̂əs-trom/*-trah₂ “cutting tool””
Further reading
- “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castrum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "castrum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “castrum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
- to disarm a person: armis (castris) exuere aliquem
- to leave troops to guard the camp: praesidio castris milites relinquere
- to mount guard in the camp: vigilias agere in castris (Verr. 4. 43)
- to keep the troops in camp: copias castris continere
- to remain inactive in camp: se (quietum) tenere castris
- veterans; experienced troops: qui magnum in castris usum habent
- “castrum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586
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