Wiktionary英語版
出典：Wiktionary
hesternus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/09 20:58 UTC 版)
語源
From Proto-Italic *hesternos, *hesterinos, or *hestrinos, in any case a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyes-ter- with apheresis of *dʰ- and *-y- from the initial consonant cluster *dʰǵʰy-. Equivalent to herī + -ter + -nus. Cognate with English yester-, German gestern and Dutch gisteren.
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [hɛsˈtɛr.nʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [esˈtɛr.nus]
- The fourth-century grammarian Marius Victorinus claims this word is correctly pronounced with a long vowel, although it is unclear what the basis for this statement is or even what syllable is meant (since a long vowel in either the first or second syllable appears etymologically unsupported). Szemerényi 1959 argues a pronunciation hestērnus might have been created by analogy to vērnus, which Szemerényi derives from *vērinos.
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | hesternus | hesterna | hesternum | hesternī | hesternae | hesterna | |
| genitive | hesternī | hesternae | hesternī | hesternōrum | hesternārum | hesternōrum | |
| dative | hesternō | hesternae | hesternō | hesternīs | |||
| accusative | hesternum | hesternam | hesternum | hesternōs | hesternās | hesterna | |
| ablative | hesternō | hesternā | hesternō | hesternīs | |||
| vocative | hesterne | hesterna | hesternum | hesternī | hesternae | hesterna | |
派生した語
- Italo-Romance:
- Neapolitan: jesterza
- Borrowings:
- → Portuguese: hesterno
- → Spanish: hesterno
- → English: hestern
参照
- ↑ Szemerényi, Oswald (1959), “Latin hībernus and Greek χειμερινός”, in Glotta, volume 38, pages 112-113
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “heri”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 283
Further reading
- “hesternus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hesternus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "hesternus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “hesternus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
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