英和和英

語源

From Proto-Italic *hiem-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm or similar.

Cognate with Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, “snow”), χεῖμα (kheîma, “winter, storm”), χειμών (kheimṓn, “winter, storm”), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Albanian dimër, Welsh gaeaf, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /⁠giman⁠/), Armenian ձմեռ (jmeṙ), and Proto-Slavic *zima.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈhi.ɛmps]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈiː.ems]
• Note the epenthesis of the homorganic stop [p] required to maintain the place of articulation of the stem-final /m/, as also in sūmpsī, temptō etc.

名詞

hiems f (genitive hiemis); third declension

1. winter

   Synonyms: brūma, (Late Latin) hībernum

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.235–236:

     quid, quod hiems adoperta gelū tunc dēnique cēdit, et pereunt lāpsae sōle tepente nivēs

     What of the fact that then frost-covered winter finally gives way, and the snows perish, melted in the warming sun; [...]. (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)

2. storm, stormy weather, tempest

   Synonyms: procella, imber, tempestās

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

同意語

• hībernum

派生語

Further reading

• “hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "hiems", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “hiems”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    
  • winter is at hand: hiems subest