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pretium

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/09/05 23:15 UTC 版)


語源

    From Proto-Italic *pretjom, from Proto-Indo-European *pr-é-ti ~ *pr-ó-ti, from *per- (“in front”), perhaps invoking the sense of “equivalence, recompense, compensation”. Compare Proto-Slavic *protivъ (“contrary, against”), Ancient Greek πρός (prós) from older προτί (protí, “in the direction of, towards, near”), Sanskrit प्रति (prati, “towards, near; against”).

    発音

    名詞

    pretium n (genitive pretiī or pretī); second declension

    1. worth, price, value, cost
      • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca Minor, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 1.1.2:
        Quem mihi dabis quī aliquod pretium temporī pōnat, quī diem aestimet, quī intellegat sē cotīdiē morī?
        What man can you show me who places any value on [his] time, who can reckon the worth of a day, who understands himself to be dying every day?
    2. pay, hire, wage
      Synonyms: praemium, stīpendium, commodum, mercēs
    3. reward
      Synonyms: praemium, datum, dōnum, oblātiō
    4. ransom
    5. bribe
      Synonym: praemium
    6. punishment
      Synonyms: pūnītiō, sānctiō, poena, supplicium, exemplum, vindicātiō, vindicta, animadversus, malum, mercēs

    語形変化

    Second-declension noun (neuter).

    singular plural
    nominative pretium pretia
    genitive pretiī
    pretī
    pretiōrum
    dative pretiō pretiīs
    accusative pretium pretia
    ablative pretiō pretiīs
    vocative pretium pretia

    Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

    派生語

    • appretiō
    • manupretium
    • pretiō
    • pretiōsus

    派生した語

    • Balkan Romance:
      • Istro-Romanian: prets
      • Romanian: preț
    • Italo-Romance:
      • Italian: prezzo, pregio
        • → Romansh: prezi
        • → Sardinian: préciu, preju, prégiu, présiu, prétziu
      • Sicilian: prezzu
        • → Maltese: prezz
    • Insular Romance:
      • Old Sardinian: prethu
    • North Italian:
      • Gallo-Italic:
        • Ligurian: prêxo
        • Lombard: pressi
        • Piedmontese: pressi
        • Romagnol: prëz
      • Friulian: presi
      • Istriot: priesio, prièso
      • Ladin: prisc, priesc
      • Romansh: predsch, pretsch
    • Gallo-Romance:
      • Old Franco-Provençal: preiz
        • Franco-Provençal: pri
      • Old French: pris (see there for further descendants)
    • Occitano-Romance:
      • Catalan: preu
        • → Aragonese: preu, pre
      • Old Occitan: pretz
        • Occitan: prètz
        • → Spanish: prez
    • Ibero-Romance:
      • Old Galician-Portuguese: preço, prez, preso
        • Galician: prezo
        • Portuguese: preço
      • Old Spanish: prieço
    • Borrowings:
      • → Spanish: prezo, precio (semi-learned) (see there for further descendants)

    参照

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pretium”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488

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