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putus
出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/05/10 01:30 UTC 版)
語源 1
Uncertain. In terms of form, Latin putus could have developed from either *ph₁u-tós or *ph₂u-tós. Descent from a form *puHtós would be possible if pretonic shortening ("Dybo's law") affected words of this shape (however, Schrijver argues that such shortening in Latin was likely restricted to cases where a liquid followed the vowel, citing invītus as counterevidence). Zair doubts that Schrijver is correct to distinguish between outcomes of preconsonantal *CHu- and *CuH-, arguing that *CHu- probably became *CuH- by metathesis already in Proto-Indo-European.
Based on the meaning of the derived verb putō, the original sense of the adjective is assumed to have been "cut" or "cut off". Schrijver proposes this developed along the lines of "pruned" > "cleansed" > "clean".
- Possibly from a root *peh₂w- (“to hit, strike”) shared with paviō (“to beat, strike”) and Ancient Greek παίω (paíō). De Vaan cites Janda 2000, who postulates that *peh₂w- was extended from an earlier root *peh₂-, and that pūrus (“pure”) and Proto-Indo-European *puHrós (“wheat/a type of grain”) are also cognate. The "strike" root has alternatively been reconstructed as going back to an earlier *pyeh₂w-.
- In contrast, Schrijver derives putus from earlier *ph₁u-tós, from a root *peh₁w- (“to cut”), distinct both from the root of paviō (which Schriver derives from *peh₂w- (“to hit, strike”)) and from the root of pūrus (which Schrijver derives from *puh₂-, from a root *ph₂u- related to the PIE word for fire (see *péh₂wr̥ (“fire”). Schrijver rejects the comparison of Latin putus and Sanskrit पूत (pūtá).
発音
- (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpʊ.tʊs]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpuː.tus]
形容詞
putus (feminine puta, neuter putum); first/second-declension adjective
- pure
-
1st century BCE, P. Alfenus Varus, Aulus Gellius' Noctes Atticae 7.5.1:
-
語形変化
First/second-declension adjective.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
| nominative | putus | puta | putum | putī | putae | puta | |
| genitive | putī | putae | putī | putōrum | putārum | putōrum | |
| dative | putō | putae | putō | putīs | |||
| accusative | putum | putam | putum | putōs | putās | puta | |
| ablative | putō | putā | putō | putīs | |||
| vocative | pute | puta | putum | putī | putae | puta | |
派生語
- putō
語源 2
Earlier conjecture/variant reading in Pseudo-Virgil's Catalepton, where more recent editions read Pothus (“Desire”), i.e. personified Ancient Greek πόθος (póthos). The word would match the base form of pusillus, putillus (see the former for details) as well as a number of Italic and Indo-European cognates. For this reason it has found a circulation in etymological works and is included as a headword by De Vaan, but the single attestation is spurious, making this a ghost word. See Proto-Italic *putlos and Latin puer, pūsus, pullus.
名詞
putus m (genitive putī); second declension
- (hapax legomenon, conjecture) a boy
- Synonyms: puellus, puerulus, pūsus, pūsiō, pusillus, puer
- (Vulgar Latin, slang, vulgar) whore, manwhore, prostitute, bitch
派生語
- putillus
関連する語
- pisinnus
- pitinnus
- pullus
派生した語
- Portuguese: puto
- Italian: putto
- Galician: puto
- Catalan: puto
- Spanish: puto
- French: pute, putain
参照
- ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “putō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 341-343
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012), The Reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European Laryngeals in Celtic, pages 112, 131
- ↑ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 241, 247
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pūrus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 500-501
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pavio”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 451-452
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “παίω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1144
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991), The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 256, 259, 446
- ^ Virgil Catalepton 7.2 on PHI, which contains a 1966 edition by J. A. Raymond
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “putus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
Further reading
- “putus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “putus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "putus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “putus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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