英和和英

語源 1

Inherited from 古期英語 pīnian, from Proto-West Germanic *pīnōn, from *pīnā (“pain, torture”); by surface analysis, pyne (“torture, torment”) +‎ -en (infinitive suffix). Compare peynen.

別の表記

• pine, pyne, pynyn
• pinenn, pinin (Early Middle English)
• pini, pyni, pyny (Kent, Southern)

発音

• IPA: /ˈpiːnən/

動詞

pynen (third-person singular simple present pyneth, present participle pynende, pynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pyned)

1. To hurt; to inflict (physical) injury:
   1. To torment or torture; to injure punitively.
      • c. 1180, Orͬm, “Secundum Iohannem .XVIII. [John 1:19]”, in Orͬmulum (Bodleian MS. Junius 1), Bourne Abbey, Lincolnshire, folio 80, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:

        Þe fır off helle ıſſ endelæſ. ⁊ aᵹᫌ occ aᵹᫌ unᷠcƿenᷠkedd. Sƿa ꝥ ıtt muᵹͪe laſſtenᷠ. a. To bærnenᷠ. ⁊ to pınenᷠ.

        The fire of hell is permanent and forever unextinguished, so that it can always exist to scorch and torment […]

   2. To injure oneself as penitence.
      • 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Persons Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 236, recto:

        Penıtence / ıs þe waẏmentẏnge of man / þ soꝛweth foꝛ hıs sẏnne / and pẏneth hẏm self / foꝛ he hath mysdoon

        "Penitence is the lamentation of someone who regrets their sin, and scourges themself since they have acted wrongly."

   3. To waste away; to starve or exhaust.
2. To trouble or anguish; to cause distress.
3. To undergo injury; to suffer.
   • c. 1378-9, [William Langland], “Paſſus xıx᷒ et explıcıt Dobet // et ımplıcıt Dobeſt”, in [Piers Plowman, A Treatise on Sin] (W, B-text), London, published c. 1400, →OCLC, folio 121, verso; republished as Thorlac Turville-Petre, Hoyt N. Duggan, editors, Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B.15.17 (The Piers Plowman Electronic Archive; 2), SEENET, 2014, →ISBN:

     ¶ And Grace gaf hym þe cros. wıþ þe croune of þoꝛnes / That crıſt vp on Caluarıe. foꝛ mankynde on pyned

     And Grace gave him the Cross with the Crown of Thorns, / that Christ suffered on for humanity up on Calvary.

4. (rare, reflexive) To strive or exert (oneself).

Conjugation

派生した語

• English: pine
• Middle Scots: pyne
  • Scots: pine

参照

• “pīnen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

語源 2

名詞

pynen

1. plural of pyne (“pain, torture”)