praesulとは 意味・読み方・使い方

語源

From the prefix prae- and the root found in saliō (“to jump”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈprae̯.sʊɫ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈprɛː.s̬ul]

名詞

praesul m (genitive praesulis); third declension

1. a public dancer who dances in leaps
2. the leader of the Salii (ancient Roman priests of Mars)
   • 4th century, Historia Augusta:

     Octavo aetatis anno in Saliorum collegium rettulit. [...] Fuit in eo sacerdotio et praesul et vates et magister, et multos inauguravit et exauguravit nemine praeeunte, quod ipse carmina cuncta didicisset.

     When he [Marcus Aurelius] was eight years old, he [Hadrian] enrolled him in the college of the Salii. [...] In that priesthood, he was leader and seer and master, admitting and expelling many men, without anybody dictating the songs to him as he had learned them all.

3. (post-Classical) director, president
4. (post-Classical) patron, protector
   • 4th century, “Te lucis ante terminum”, St. Ambrose? (lyrics):

     Te lucis ante terminum / rerum creator poscimus / ut solita clementia / sis praesul ad custodiam.

     Before the end of the light, we beseech Thee, creator of things, that by thy accustomed mercy thou wouldst be [our] protector unto safekeeping.

5. (Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) bishop
   • 11th–13th centuries, “Carmina Burana”, anonymous lyricist:

     Bibit puer, bibit canus / bibit praesul et decanus

     Children drink, the grey-haired drink / Bishops drink and [so do] deacons

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

派生語

• archipraesul
• praesulātus
• praesulium
• praesulor
• praesulō

派生した語

• → Italian: presule

参照

• “praesul”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “praesul”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "praesul", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “praesul”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “praesul”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “praesul”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin