英和和英

別の表記

• Hoppo

語源

Uncertain, although probably an irregular romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 戶部 (Hùbù), the imperial government's Board of Revenue which oversaw customs and other taxation during the Qing Dynasty. In reference to its agents, a clipping of earlier hoppo-man.

発音

• (Received 発音) IPA^(key): /ˈhɒpəʊ/
• (米国発音) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑpoʊ/

名詞

hoppo (countable かつ uncountable, 複数形 hoppos または hoppoes)

1. (historical, archaic, sometimes capitalized) The imperial Chinese board of revenue, especially its branch in Guangzhou during the Qing Dynasty.
   • c. 1808, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, p. 108:

     On the way two Chinese buildings were pointed out to us as hoppo, of custom-houses, at both which all boats […] are obliged to stop and undergo a strict search or examination by a petty mandarin.

   • 1836, Anders Ljungstedt, An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China..., p. 86:

     Hoppo. This is a tribunal, that has in charge the collecting of imperial dues on navigation and trade, and remitting the amount to the Grand-hoppo at Canton...

2. (historical, archaic) An imperial Chinese customs officer, especially (sometimes capitalized) the chief customs officer for the South China Sea based in Guangzhou during the Qing Dynasty.
   • 1711, Charles Lockyer, An Account of the Trade in India..., p. 101:

     The Hoppos, who look on Europe Ships as a great branch of their Profits, will give you all the fair Words imaginable.

   • 1814, James Wathen, Journal of a Voyage in 1811 and 1812 to Madras and China..., p. xvi:

     ...received a most polite invitation from the late Mr. William Parry, a supercargo, to meet the Hoppo (または principal custom-house officer)...

   • 1836, Anders Ljungstedt, An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China..., pp. 86–90:

     Hoppo. This is a tribunal, that has in charge the collecting of imperial dues on navigation and trade, and remitting the amount to the Grand-hoppo at Canton... at Macao, the Portuguese designate him by the epithet Grand-hoppo, in contradistinction to another... [T]he Hoppo of Macao... levies on foreigners, coming and going, an arbitrary tax on their persons and baggage. He is assisted by compradors, pilots and others...

   • 1882, William C. Hunter, The ‘Fan Kwae’ at Canton before Treaty Days..., p. 36:

     The ‘Hoppo’ (as he was incorrectly styled) filled an office especially created for the foreign trade at Canton... The Board of Revenue is in Chinese ‘Hoo-poo’, and the office was locally misapplied to the officer in question.