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V form

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Wiktionary英語版

出典：Wiktionary

V-form

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V form

語源

From the first letter of the second-person plural pronoun in Romance languages; ultimately from Latin vos.

名詞

V-form (複数形 V-forms)

(linguistics) A second-person pronoun used in formal situations, to address unfamiliar people and superiors.
- 2002, The Bible Translator:
  In the Erzin dialect, children address their parents with the V-form; to use the T-form would show a lack of respect for parents.
- 2003, Irma Taavitsainen, Andreas H. Jucker (editors), Diachronic Perspectives on Address Term Systems:
  But cross-linguistically one finds that plural pronouns are predominant for the V-form. Again, there may well be a universal here that a plural address implies respect and that the singular pronoun implies a personal, i.e. intimate type of address.
- 2012, Marcel Bax, Dániel Z. Kádár, Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness:
  Typically, the informal pronominal address term (T-form) is the original second-person pronoun (Latin tu; Germanic du) and the polite or formal V-form is a plural form.
- 2014, Challenging the Monolingual Mindset:
  ... in March 2010 Ikea 's Swiss website in German, French and Italian used the V-form except when addressing prospective job applicants.

反意語

(くだけた用法 second-person pronoun): T-form

V form

名詞

V form

Alternative form of V-form
- 2002, Cliff Goddard, Anna Wierzbicka (editors), Meaning and Universal Grammar:
  In most Romance languages, the “intimate” T form is believed to be semantically more basic than the “formal” V form (Wierzbicka 1992:320).
- 2006, Anne Barron, Learning to say 'You' in German, in Language Learners in Study Abroad Contexts:
  In general, the V form (Sie) is employed in German where interlocutors use a title and surname to refer nominally to each other, whereas the T form (du) is employed among interlocutors on first name terms (cf. Wein-rich, 1993: 822).
- 2010, Anna Trosborg (editor), Pragmatics across Languages and Cultures:
  Historically, deciding whether to use the V or T form was determined by the power relationship between the interlocutors. Lower status persons addressed higher status persons with the V form; conversely higher status persons addressed lower status with the T form.
- 2015, Ronald Wardhaugh, Janet M. Fuller, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics:
  The T form is sometimes described as the 'familiar' form and the V form as the 'polite' one, although the social meanings of these forms are in reality much more complex than that.

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