英和和英

語源

Directly from Latin trānslātor and French translator, and also from 中期英語 translatour, from Old French translatour, translateur, etc., from Latin trānslātor, from trānslātus (“carried across”) + -or (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from trānsferō (“carry across”), from trans (“across”) + ferō (“bear, carry”), q.v. Equivalent to translate +‎ -or.

発音

• (General American) IPA: /ˈtɹænzleɪtɚ/, /ˈtɹænsleɪtɚ/, /ˌtɹænzˈleɪtɚ/, [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪtʰɚ], [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪɾɚ], /ˌtɹænsˈleɪtɚ/
• (英国発音) IPA: /ˈtɹanzleɪtə/, /ˈtɹɑːnzleɪtə/
• 韻: -eɪtə(ɹ)

名詞

translator (plural translators)

1. A person or thing that translates meaning from one language into another, particularly
   1. A person or thing that translates various forms of text. [1382]
   2. (inexact, sometimes proscribed) Synonym of interpreter, a person or thing that immediately interprets direct speech. [1850]
      • 1980, Gerald Ford, “Boyhood—and Beyond”, in A Time to Heal‎, New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN, page 95:

        "You don't believe the Soviet Union is going to reduce its defense budget, do you?" Boggs asked.
        Premier Chou didn't wait for the translator to finish. "Never, never, never," he replied in perfect English.

   3. (figuratively) A person or thing that expresses an idea or style in a new form or medium. [1855]
      • 1855 June, Gentleman's Magazine, number 657, page 1:

        Mr. C. Blair Leighton... lithographer... was one of the earliest translators of water and oil pictures by the chromatic process.

   4. (computing, chiefly historical) A machine that converts inputs into a pattern of holes on a punch card. [1952]
   5. (chiefly US) A relay station that retransmits incoming television signals after automatically adjusting their frequency to avoid interference. [1956]
   6. (computing) A program that converts commands from one computer language into another. [1957]
2. (chiefly obsolete) Synonym of carrier, a person who transports something, now particularly (Roman Catholicism, rare) holy relics. [1535]
   • 2019, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Images of Sainthood in Medieval Europe, page 100:

     ... the translator of the life and miracles of the saints, like the translator of the relics, need not have been "literate"; nor did he have to be a clerk.

3. (historical) Synonym of repairer, particularly of leather or cloth goods. [1594]
   • 1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, page 33:

     Boots and Shoes are not to be had, I am told, in sufficient quantity for the demand from the slop-shops, the "translators," and the second-hand dealers. Great quantities of second-hand boots and shoes are sent to Ireland to be "translated" there.

4. (historical, slang) A used and repaired shoe, boot, or other item of clothing. [1851]
5. (obsolete) Synonym of repeater, a thing that automatically retransmits an incoming message along a telegraph line. [1855]
6. (obsolete) A thing that converts energy from one form to another. [1884]
7. (botany) The retinaculum of asclepiads.

使用する際の注意点

In modern professional contexts, a translator specifically deals with text input in contrast to an interpreter who deals with speech or signing input, generally under greater time constraints. Subtitles for videos, games, performances, etc. are generally handled by translators working from transcripts.

同意語

• dubash (India, chiefly historical); interpreter (inexact)

下位語

• machine translator

派生語

関連する語

参照

• “translator, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.

Further reading

• “translator”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [trãːsˈɫaː.tɔr]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [tranzˈlaː.tor]
• ハイフネーション: trāns‧lā‧tor

名詞

trānslātor m (genitive trānslātōris, feminine trānslātrīx); third declension

1. transferrer (one who carries over)

語形変化

Third-declension noun.

Further reading

• “translātor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• trānslātor in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 3192
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “translator”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “translator”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1594.
• Harm Pinkster, editor (2018), “trānslātor”, in Woordenboek Latijn/Nederlands‎, 7th revised edition, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Latino-Sinicum [translated as: 移過者／移过者]
• "TRANSLATOR", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “trānslātor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers