英和和英

語源

Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).

発音

• IPA: /ˈsɪl.i.əm/
• 韻: -ɪliəm

名詞

cilium (plural cilia)

1. (cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors.

   Hyponym: primary cilium

   • 1892, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, edited by F. G. Heathcote, Elementary Text-book of Zoology:

     It is the deeper parts of such cells which give rise to delicate muscular fibres or networks of fibres, while the superficially placed body of the cell myoblast), the part which produces the above, performs other functions, and usually bears a cilium.

   • 2006, Manfred Schliwa, Molecular Motors, page 359:

     The clockwise beating of cilia results in a net flow of extraembryonic fluid leftwards […]

2. (entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing.
3. (botany) One of the hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ.
4. (anatomy) An eyelash.

下位語

• ciliolum

派生語

関連する語

• supercilium

参考

• flagellum

参照

• “cilium”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “cilium”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈkɪ.li.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈt͡ʃiː.li.um]

名詞

cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension

1. (anatomy) eyelid

   Synonym: palpebra

   1. (transferred sense) lower eyelid

      Antonym: supercilium

2. (metonymic, Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash

   Synonym: palpebra

Inflection

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

派生語

• ciliāris (adjective)
• intercilium
• supercilium

派生した語

(Several via the plural cilia.)

参照

Further reading

• “cilium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cilium”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• cilium in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “cĭlium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 627