英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

発音

• IPA: /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, /ɛkˈstɛnʃən/
• ハイフネーション: ex‧ten‧sion

名詞

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

1. The act of extending; a stretching out; enlargement in length, breadth, or time; an increase.

   Next month the house is undergoing an extension.

   Due to the unforeseen circumstances, you are allowed an extension of two weeks to complete the task.

   • 1954 March, W. A. Tuplin, “Recollections of the Wirral Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 167:

     "Keep off Conductor Rails" said red-painted notices at the platform ends, for third-rails were laid in many places even where electric trains never normally ran, and there had been many rumours of impending electrification of the Wirral, as a natural extension of the Mersey system, a quarter of a century before the change was actually made.

2. The state of being extended.
   • 1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:

     For station is properly no rest, but one kind of motion, relating unto that which physicians (from Galen) do name extensive or tonical; that is, an extension of the muscles and organs of motion, maintaining the body at length, or in its proper figure.

3. That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space (or time, e.g. "spatiotemporal extension").
4. (mathematics, group theory, of a group ${\displaystyle G}$ by a group ${\displaystyle H}$) A short exact sequence ${\displaystyle 1\to H\to E\to G\to 1}$, or the group ${\displaystyle E}$ therein.
5. (mathematics, homological algebra, of an object ${\displaystyle A}$ by an object ${\displaystyle B}$ in an abelian category) A short exact sequence ${\displaystyle 0\to B\to E\to A\to 0}$, or the object ${\displaystyle E}$ therein.
6. A part of a building that has been added onto the original.
7. An outgrowth; a part of something that extends its capabilities.

   Parents who treat their children as an extension of themselves

   My research is an extension of the work of my mentor.

   • 1978 December 9, Mitzel, “Post-Briggs Blues”, in Gay Community News, volume 6, number 20, page 5:

     In smaller communities, the public schools are virtual extensions of each town's chief religion — "educating" kids to all the prejudices of that belief.

8. (semantics) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; — correlative of intension.
   • 2023 March 14, Caryn James, “John Wick: Chapter 4: 'Soars above most action films'”, in BBC‎:

     Perversely, we love John Wick himself. That lethal, bereaved assassin is a good bad guy for our times, the natural extension of Tony Soprano, Walter White and all the other heroic antiheroes the culture has embraced.

   • 2011 July 20, Edwin Mares, “Propositional Functions”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy‎, retrieved 15 July 2012:

     In addition to concepts and conceptual senses, Frege holds that there are extensions of concepts. Frege calls an extension of a concept a ‘course of values’. A course of values is determined by the value that the concept has for each of its arguments. Thus, the course of values for the concept __ is a dog records that its value for the argument Zermela is the True and for Socrates is the False, and so on. If two concepts have the same values for every argument, then their courses of values are the same. Thus, courses of values are extensional.

9. (linguistics, semantics) Semantic widening, broadening of meaning.
10. (banking, finance) A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.
11. (medicine) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.
12. (weightlifting) An exercise in which an arm or leg is straightened against resistance.
13. (fencing) A simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward.
14. (telecommunications) A numerical code used to indicate a specific telephone in a telecommunication network.
15. (computing) Ellipsis of file extension.

    Files with the .txt extension usually contain text.

    • 1989, PC Mag, volume 8, number 5, page 276:

      If you plan to plot data with error bars, you must name them with an. ERR extension. Failure to do so will crash the system, and you will lose your precious work.

16. (computing) An optional software component that adds functionality to an application.

    Near-synonym: plugin

    a browser extension

17. (logic) The set of tuples of values that, used as arguments, satisfy the predicate.
18. (grammar) A kind of derivative morpheme applied to verbs in Bantu languages.
19. (ring theory, of an ideal in the domain of a ring homomorphism) The ideal in the codomain generated by the image of the given ideal under the given homomorphism.
20. (education) University programs that are targeted at the broader (usually adults) community whose participants are not full-time enrolled students.
21. (cosmetics, chiefly in the plural) Clipping of hair extension, nail extension, or eyelash extension.

同意語

• (semantics): denotation

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “act of extending”): shortening
• (antonym(s) of “broadening of meaning”): limitation
• (antonym(s) of “exercise”): curl

派生語

関連する語

• extend (verb)
• extense
• extent
• (semantics): intension
• (semantics): comprehension

参考

• flexion

アナグラム

• in extenso