英和和英

語源 1

From 中期英語 scout, scoult, from Old French escoute (“action of listening”), verbal noun from escouter (“to listen, heed”), from Latin auscultō (“to listen”). The verb comes from the noun.

名詞

scout (plural scouts)

1. A person sent out to gather and bring back information; especially, one employed in war to gain information about the enemy and ground.

   Synonyms: (obsolete) espial, (obsolete) espy

2. An act of scouting or reconnoitering.
   • 1782, William Cowper, “The Cricket”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC:

     while the rat is on the scout

   • 2001, Peter Cozzens, Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars, 1865-1890: The Struggle for Apacheria. volume one, Stackpole Books, →ISBN, page 356:

     May 6, 1883 […] This camp, the finest on this scout, has not so much running water as some of the others; […] May 7, 1883 […] Colonel Aguerre was going today or tomorrow with four hundred regular troops for a scout in the Sierra Madre […]

3. A member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement, such as the Boy Scouts of America or Girl Scouts of the United States.
   • 2012 August 21, Alexandra Topping, “Paralympic flames light up countdown to biggest Games in history”, in The Guardian‎:

     At the crack of dawn on Wednesday four different groups of scouts will climb the highest peaks in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales to light flames and officially mark the start of the Paralympic torch relay.

4. A person who assesses or recruits others; especially, one who identifies promising talent on behalf of a sports team.
   • 2018 January 1, Donald McRae, “The Guardian footballer of the year 2017: Juan Mata”, in The Guardian‎:

     We have met twice this year and, during our first interview, Mata spoke evocatively when remembering how, having joined Real Oviedo aged 10 in 1998, he was given a previously unimaginable opportunity. Mata sat in a car park in 2003, when he was 14, and watched his father talking to a Real Madrid scout.

5. A person employed to monitor rivals' activities in the petroleum industry.
6. (Oxford University, modern) A housekeeper or domestic cleaner, generally female, employed by one of the constituent colleges of Oxford University to clean rooms; generally equivalent to a modern bedder at Cambridge University.
7. (Oxford University, Harvard University, Yale University, historical) A domestic servant, generally male, who would attend (usually several) students in a variety of ways, including cleaning; generally equivalent to a gyp at Cambridge University or a skip at Trinity College, Dublin.
   • 1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], chapter I, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], (please specify |part=1 or 2), Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, →OCLC:

     He has also been good enough to recommend to me many tradesmen who are ready to supply these articles in any quantities; each of whom has been here already a dozen times, cap in hand, and vowing that it is quite immaterial when I pay—which is very kind of them; but, with the highest respect for friend Perkins (my scout) and his obliging friends, I shall make some enquiries before "letting in" with any of them.

8. (UK, cricket) A fielder in a game for practice.
9. (historical, UK, up until 1920s) A fighter aircraft.
10. (radiography) A preliminary image that allows the technician to make adjustments before the actual diagnostic images.
    • 2012, Ella A. Kazerooni, Baskaran Sundaram, Imaging of Lung Cancer, page 937:

      A scout topogram is initially performed during continuous table motion, generating an anatomic overview image similar to a conventional radiograph at the locked projection.

    • 2016, John L. Cameron, Andrew M. Cameron, Current Surgical Therapy, page 721:

      It consisted of injecting an iodinated contrast agent while a breast was compressed in one projection after a scout film, taking several sequential films, and subtracting them from the scout film.

    • 2018, Savvas Nicolaou, Mohammed F. Mohammed, Multi-Energy CT: The New Frontier in Imaging, page 643:

      Because of this FOV limitation, several institutions use a weight cutoff or a scout radiograph lateral diameter cutoff, though the exact cutoff threshold varies from institution to institution.

11. (informal) A term of address for a man or boy.
    • 1983, Robley Wilson, Dancing for Men, page 124:

      "Listen, old scout," Mr. Osborn said solemnly, "you think New York is heartless, but that's not what it is."

派生語

動詞

scout (third-person singular simple present scouts, present participle scouting, simple past and past participle scouted)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To explore a wide terrain, as if on a search.

   Synonyms: survey, reconnoiter

   • c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:

     An hundred horeſmen of my companie
     Scowting abroad vpon theſe champion plaines,
     Haue view’d the army of the Scythians,
     Which make report it far exceeds the Kings.

2. (transitive) To observe, watch, or look for, as a scout; to follow for the purpose of observation, as a scout.
   • c. 1613 (first performance), John Fletcher, “The Tragedie of Bonduca”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act V, scene ii:

     Take more men, and scout him round.

派生語

語源 2

Of North Germanic origin. Compare Old Norse skúta, skúti (“taunt”), 中期英語 scoute (“a wretch, rascal, rogue”); thus may be related to English shout.

動詞

scout (third-person singular simple present scouts, present participle scouting, simple past and past participle scouted)

1. (transitive) To reject with contempt.

   to scout an idea or an apology

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     Flout 'em and scout 'em; and scout 'em and flout 'em: / Thought is free.

   • 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

     I don't think I had any definite idea where Dora came from, or in what degree she was related to a higher order of beings; but I am quite sure I should have scouted the notion of her being simply human, like any other young lady, with indignation and contempt.

2. (transitive) To reject the ideas or beliefs of (a person).
   • 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Phantom Rickshaw”, in The Phantom 'Rickshaw and Other Tales, Allahabad: A.H. Wheeler and Co., page 9:

     Two months ago I should have scouted as mad or drunk the man who had dared tell me the like.

3. (intransitive) To scoff.
   • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 45, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

     So ignorant are most landsmen of some of the plainest and most palpable wonders of the world, that without some hints touching the plain facts, historical and otherwise, of the fishery, they might scout at Moby Dick as a monstrous fable, or still worse and more detestable, a hideous and intolerable allegory.

語源 3

From 中期英語 scoute, skoute (also schoute, shoute, schuyt), from Middle Low German schûte or Middle Dutch schute; or possibly from Old Norse skúta (“a small craft or cutter”). Compare shout (“flat-bottomed boat”), schuit.

名詞

scout (plural scouts)

1. (dated) A swift sailing boat.
   • 1660, Samuel Pepys, diary entry 18th May 1660:

     So we took a scout, very much pleased with the manner and conversation of the passengers.

語源 4

Uncertain. The Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) groups the verb scout, scoot (/skut/, regionally /skʌut/) "cause liquid to gush" with a noun scout "sudden gush or flow of water, as from a spout or over rock", and considers the pair to be of Scandinavian origin, perhaps related to Old Norse skjóta (“shoot”); however, scout (or scut) was formerly also found as a word for "flow of water over rocks, waterfall; ridge or overhang of rocks" in various northern and central English dialects, and there suggested to have a different Norse origin, Old Norse skúti (“cave formed by jutting rocks”); it is possible that noun and the verb are unrelated. It is also unclear whether the noun meaning "guillemot" is related (the DSL gives it as a separate word, with separate spellings scout, scowt, skout, pronounced /skut/, of uncertain origin), but it might derive from their habit of pouring forth excrement.

動詞

scout (third-person singular simple present scouts, present participle scouting, simple past and past participle scouted)

1. (Scotland) To pour forth a liquid forcibly, especially excrement; to cause a liquid to gush.

名詞

scout (plural scouts)

1. The guillemot.

参照

参考

• Scout (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Scout in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

参照

Further reading

• “scout”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “scout”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• “scout”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.