英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 utilite, from Old French utilite, utilitet (“usefulness”), from Latin ūtilitās, from uti (“to use”). By surface analysis, utile +‎ -ity.

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /juːˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/, /jəˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/
• (General American) IPA: /juˈtɪl.ə.ti/, [juˈtɪl.ə.ɾi]
• (Indic) IPA: /jʊʈɪˈlɪʈi/, /ˈjuʈɪlɪʈi/
• 韻: -ɪlɪti

名詞

utility (countable and uncountable, plural utilities)

1. The state or condition of being useful; usefulness.
   • 1817 (date written), [Jane Austen], “III”, in Persuasion; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume (please specify |volume=III or IV), London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC:

     "The profession has its utility, but I should be sorry to see any friend of mine belonging to it."

2. Something that is useful.
   • 1945 November and December, H. C. Casserley, “Random Reflections on British Locomotive Types—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 320:

     Undoubtedly it can be said that the humble 0-6-0 has been the backbone for general service, or general utility on British railways right from their earliest days, and is likely to remain so.

3. (economics) The ability of a commodity to satisfy needs or wants; the satisfaction experienced by the consumer of that commodity.
4. (philosophy) Well-being, satisfaction, pleasure, or happiness.
5. (business) A commodity or service provided on a continuous basis by a physical infrastructure network, such as electricity, water supply or sewerage.

   Synonym: service

   The complex includes the usual utilities (gas and electricity) and amenities like wifi and a gym (toilets with toiletries).

   • 2025 February 19, Chris Howe, “Euston: a work in progress”, in RAIL, number 1029, page 46:

     Elsewhere, utility diversion works are still scheduled to continue, with work to move a gas main on Drummond Street set to begin in early 2025.

   • 2025 June 25, “Network News: Public trials of Coventry's Very Light Rail system”, in RAIL, number 1038, page 10:

     The 'slab track' system negates the need to divert utilities such as gas pipes and telecoms cables by only digging down to a depth of 30cm.

6. (business, finance, by extension) A natural or legal monopoly distributer of such a utility; or, the securities of such a provider.
7. (computing) A software program other than a game; one that is useful or creative rather than merely entertaining.

   a graphics utility; a music utility

8. (computing) A software program designed to perform a single task or a small range of tasks, often to help manage and tune computer hardware, an operating system, or application software.

   Holonyms: app, application, program

   Coordinate terms: applet, worklet; trustlet

   I've bought a new disk utility that can recover deleted files.

   • 1982, InfoWorld, volume 4, number 10, page 35:

     The system includes an 8080 and a Z80 assembler, a Tektronix format downloader and other utilities.

9. (sports) The ability to play multiple positions.
10. (Australia, New Zealand) A coupé utility, or ute; an automobile with an open tray or bed behind the passenger cabin.
    • 1952, Nevil Shute, chapter 1, in The Far Country, Melbourne: Heinemann:

      Tim Archer got into the utility and drove[.] The car was a 1946 Chevrolet, somewhat battered by four years of station use, a sturdy practical vehicle with a coupé front seat and an open truck body behind.

反意語

• disutility
• inutility

派生語

形容詞

utility

1. Having to do with, or owned by, a service provider.

   utility line; utility bill

2. (Of a building or its components) containing or intended for any of a building’s often-utility-related commodity transport, such as pipes or wires, or converting equipment, such as furnaces, water tanks or heaters, circuit breakers, central air conditioning units, laundry facilities, etc.

   utility room; utility corridor

3. Functional rather than attractive.
   • 1943 March and April, “G.W.R. Rolling Stock Colours”, in Railway Magazine, page 106:

     "Chocolate and cream," the standard colours of G.W.R. rolling stock for 21 years, are now being replaced by an all-over utility coating of reddish-brown. This is the third time that a uniform brown has been adopted as the standard livery of G.W.R. carriages.

同意語

• (state of being useful): usefulness, value, advantages, benefit, return, merits, virtue, note
• See also Thesaurus:utility

参照

• “utility”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.