英和和英

語源

From 中期英語 achieven, acheven (“to accomplish (something); to acquire or obtain (something); to carry out or finish (something); to succeed in (something); to happen, turn out”), from Anglo-Norman achever, achiever, Middle French achever, achiever, and Old French achever, achiever (“to accomplish (something); to finish (something); to succeed in (something)”) (modern French achever), and then from either of the following:

• Old French a- (prefix denoting addition or increase, or a change of state) + chief (“end; head”) (compare traire a chief (“to be finished”), venir a chief (“to accomplish (something)”); and Late Latin ad caput venire (“to complete (something)”)) + -er (a variant of -ier (suffix forming verbs). Chief is derived from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *káput (“head”), possibly from *kap- (“head”).
• Late Latin *accapāre, the present active infinitive of *accapō (“to finish”), from Latin ad- (prefix meaning ‘to’) + *capum (from caput (“head”); see further above) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).

発音

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əˈt͡ʃiːv/
• (General American) IPA: /əˈt͡ʃiv/
• 韻: -iːv

動詞

achieve (third-person singular simple present achieves, present participle achieving, simple past and past participle achieved)

1. (transitive)
   1. To carry out or conclude (something, as a task) successfully; to accomplish. [from 14th c.]

      Synonyms: (dated) compass, fulfil, realize, walk away with

      to achieve one’s goals

      Hannah achieved her lifelong dream of winning a medal at the Olympics.

      You can achieve anything if you put your mind to it.

      • 1513 (date written), Thomas More, “The Pittifvll Life of King Edward the Fifth”, in The Historie of the Pitifvll Life, and Unfortunate Death of Edward the Fifth, and the then Duke of Yorke His Brother: […], London: […] Thomas Payne for the Company of Stationers, and are to be sold by Mich[ael] Young, […], published 1641, →OCLC, pages 2–3:

        [T]here could not be a more cruell Tyrant appointed to atchieve a more abominable enterpriſe.

      • 1664, H[enry] More, chapter VIII, in A Modest Enquiry into the Mystery of Iniquity, […], London: […] J[ames] Flesher for W[illiam] Morden […], →OCLC, book II, page 143:

        [W]hat to the leaving in a manner no Empire at all but vvhat is Sacerdotal, raiſing it above all Kings, Emperours and Chriſtian Princes vvhatſoever? and this atchieved by ſuch perſons as vvere the moſt vvicked of any that bore the name of Sovereign Holineſs?

      • 1725, Homer, “Book I”, in [Elijah Fenton], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 17, lines 96–99:

        For this, the god conſtrains the Greek to roam, / A hopeleſs exile from his native home, / From death alone exempt—but ceaſe to mourn; / Let all combine t’atchieve his vviſh’d return: […]

      • 1776, Edward Gibbon, “The Motives, Progress, and Effects of the Conversion of Constantine—Legal Establishment and Constitution of the Christian or Catholic Church”, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 189:

        [T]he virtues of thoſe heroes vvere the motive or the effect of the Divine favour, the ſucceſs of their arms vvas deſtined to atchieve the deliverance or the triumph of the church.

      • 1832, [Isaac Taylor], “The Third Heavens”, in Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC, page 411:

        Even supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be achieved, in any line, by the aid of a capital invigorating motive, than without it: […]

      • 1850, Herman Melville, “The Chaplain and Chapel in a Man-of-war”, in White Jacket; or, The World in a Man-of-War, volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 248:

        But it does not follow, that because chaplains are to be found in men-of-war, that, under the present system, they achieve much good, or that, under any other, they ever will.

      • 1854, Dante [Alighieri], “Canto I”, in C[harles] B[agot] Cayley, transl., Dante’s Divine Comedy. The Paradise: Translated in the Original Ternary Rhyme, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 5, lines 91–93:

        Thou art no more on Earth as thou conceivest, / But lightning never from its home went out, / So swift as thou, who thy return achievest.

   2. To gain or obtain (a desired objective, result, etc.) through effort or skill; to succeed in attaining (an objective, result, etc.); to win. [from 14th c.]

      Synonyms: attain, (dated) compass, get one's hands on

      • 1523 February 7 (Gregorian calendar), Johan Froyssart [i.e., Jean Froissart], “Howe the Frenche Men that were Passed the Ryuer of Lyse⸝ Disconfyted the Flemyngꝭ [Flemyngis] and Slewe Many of Thẽ [Them]⸝ and Wan the Passage of Comynes”, in Here Begynneth the First Volum of Sir Johan Froyssart: Of the Cronycles of Englande⸝ Fraunce⸝ Spayne⸝ Portyngale⸝ Scotlande⸝ Bretayne⸝ Flañders: And Other Places Adioynynge. […], 1st volume, London: […] Richarde Pynson⸝ […], →OCLC; reprinted as The First Volum of Sir Johan Froyssart of the Chronycles of Englande⸝ Fraunce⸝ Spayne (The English Experience […]; no. 257), Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1970, →ISBN, folio ccxciiii, recto, column 1:

        And the frenche men entred in a mong the thyckeſt of them⸝ and ſpared no more to flee thẽ [them]⸝ than they had ben dogges⸝ and ſurely they had good cauſe ſo to do. For if yͤ flemynges had achyued the priſe ouer them⸝ they had bene ſerued of the ſame ſauce.

      • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 275, column 1:

        VVhy ſome are borne great, ſome atchieue greatneſſe, and ſome haue greatneſſe throvvne vpon them.

      • 1634, Jos: Exon. [i.e., Joseph Hall], “[The Residve of the Contemplations […].] The Crucifixion.”, in The Contemplations upon the History of the New Testament, Now Complete: […], 2nd tome, London: […] M[iles] Flesher for Nath[aniel] Butter […], →OCLC, pages 267–268:

        [T]hou [Jesus] art preſented vvith that bitter, and farevvell-potion, vvherevvith dying malefactors vvere vvont to have their ſenſese ſtupified, that they might not feele the torments of their execution; […] That draught, O Saviour, vvas not more vvelcome to the guilty then hatefull unto thee; […] [N]either meantſt thou to yeild to thy laſt enemie, but to reſiſt, and to overcome him; […] and, in the meane time, vvouldſt not disfurniſh thy ſelfe of any of thy povverful faculties; This greateſt combat that ever vvas ſhall be fought on eeven hand; neither vvouldſt thou ſteale that victory vvhich thou novv atchivedſt over death, and hell; […]

      • 1667, John Milton, “Book II”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature Ll2, verso, lines 368–371:

        Thou haſt atchiev'd our libertie, confin'd / VVithin Hell Gates till novv, thou us impovv'rd / To fortifie thus farr, and overlay / VVithin this portentous Bridge the dark Abyſs.

      • 1703 December 13 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Richard Steele, The Lying Lover: Or, The Ladies Friendship. A Comedy. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], published 1704, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

        Book[wit]. The Name of Soldier bids you better vvelcome: 'Tis Valour and Feats done in the Field, a Man ſhou'd be cry'd up for;—not is't ſo hard to atchieve— / Lat[ine]. The Fame of it you mean— […]

      • 1831 October 31, Mary W[ollstonecraft] Shelley, chapter III, in Frankenstein: Or, The Modern Prometheus (Standard Novels; IX), 3rd edition, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 34:

        So much has been done, exclaimed the soul of Frankenstein,—more, far more, will I achieve: treading in the steps already marked, I will pioneer a new way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.

      • 1842, James Russell Lowell, “[Sonnets.] Sonnet XXI. On Reading Wordsworth’s Sonnets in Defence of Capital Punishment.”, in Poems, Cambridge, Mass.: John Owen, published 1844, →OCLC, page 251:

        So, through his soul who earnestly believeth, / Life from the universal Heart doth flow, / Whereby some conquest of the eternal Woe, / By instinct of God's nature, he achieveth: […]

      • 1871, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by Bayard Taylor, Faust: A Tragedy […] The Second Part […], Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, scene v (Midnight), page 398:

        Be it happiness or sorrow, / He postpones it till the morrow; / To the Future only cleaveth: / Nothing, therefore, he achieveth.

      • 1873, William Black, “There was a King in Thule”, in A Princess of Thule. […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 42:

        A rumor would get about that Mr. Lavender had finished another of those charming heads in pastel, […] It was the fashion, in those social circles, to buy those heads of Lavender, when he chose to paint them. He had achieved a good reputation by them.

      • 1892, chapter IX, in John Earle, transl., The Deeds of Beowulf: An English Epic of the Eighth Century Done into Modern Prose […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, 1st part, page 22:

        Thou shalt not have any desire unfulfilled, if thou that mighty work with life achievest.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 1:

        I was about to say that I had known the Celebrity from the time he wore kilts. But I see I will have to amend that, because he was not a celebrity then, nor, indeed, did he achieve fame until some time after I left New York for the West.

      • 2013 January 22, Phil McNulty, “Aston Villa 2 – 1 Bradford (3–4)”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 13 July 2024:

        Bradford may have lost on the night but they stubbornly protected a 3–1 first-leg advantage to emulate a feat last achieved by Rochdale in 1962.

   3. (archaic except literary) To obtain (a physical thing); to get. [from 15th c.]
      • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London: […] N[icholas] O[kes] for Thomas Walkley, […], published 1622, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i], page 22:

        Mon[tano]. But good Leiutenant, is your Generall vviu'd? / [Michael] Caſ[sio]. Moſt fortunately, he hath atchieu'd a maide, / That parragons deſcription, and vvild fame: […]

      • 1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], “Flavius Domitian”, in The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book VI ([The Romans] […]), paragraph 8, page 214, column 1:

        [U]s hitherto this Corner and ſecret receſſe hath defended, novv the Vttermoſt point of our Land is laid open: and things the leſſe they haue beene vvithin knovvledge, the greater the glorie is to atchieue them.

      • 1700, Matthew Prior, Carmen Seculare. for the Year 1700:

        Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved.

      • [1703], Tho[mas] d’Urfey, The Old Mode & the New, or, Country Miss with Her Furbeloe. A Comedy. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott, and sold by Samuel Clark, […], Francis Faucet […], and Lucas Stowkey […], →OCLC, Act IV, scene ii, page 68:

        […] I have bob'd your vviſe Guardian Mayor too, vvho, I hear, is crackt-brain'd yonder for loſs of his Heireſs, vvhom I have atchieved and married here in ſpite of ye by dint of Brain and Merit.

   4. (obsolete) To end or finish (something); to terminate; (specifically, military) to win (a battle or war). [14th–18th c.]

      Synonyms: complete, conclude, finalize

      • 1531 March 20 (date written; Gregorian calendar), [Antonio de Guevara], “The Prologue”, in John Bourcher knyghte Lord Barners [i.e., John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners], transl., The Golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius Emperour and Eloquent Oratour, London: […] Thomæ Bertheleti […], published 1535, →OCLC:

        So all theſe thynges tyme acheueth and burieth, but onely trouth, the whiche (of the tyme and of all thynge that is in the tyme) triumpheth, Neyther to be fauoured of the good, nor to be perſecuted of the ylle, may be, but that ſomtyme trouthe may be ſtopped and hydde, but whan it is diſpleaſed, and wyl diſpleaſe, than at the laſte ſhe cometh to a good porte, and taketh londe.

      • 1599 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The Cronicle History of Henry the Fift, […] (First Quarto), London: […] Thomas Creede, for Tho[mas] Millington, and Iohn Busby […], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], signature E2, verso:

        Bid them atchieue me, and then ſell my bones. / Good God, vvhy ſhould they mock good fellovvs thus? / The man that once did ſell the Lions skin, / VVhile the beaſt liued, vvas kild vvith hunting him.

      • 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 3, pages 391–392:

        Full many Countreyes they did ouerronne, / From the vpriſing to the ſetting Sunne, / And many hard aduentures did atchieue; […]

      • 1749, [John Cleland], “[Letter the Second]”, in Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure [Fanny Hill], volume II, London: […] [Thomas Parker] for G. Fenton [i.e., Fenton and Ralph Griffiths] […], →OCLC, page 163:

        I had novv atchiev'd this rare adventure, ultimately much more to my ſatisfaction than I had beſpoke the nature of it to turn out, […]

2. (intransitive)
   1. To attain a goal; to succeed in something, now especially in academic performance; (generally) to make an effort; strive. [from 14th c.]

      He could really achieve in school if he worked hard.

      • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii], page 23, column 1:

        [He] Fights Dragon-like, and does atcheeue as ſoone / As dravv his Svvord: […]

      • 1713 April 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Richard Steele], “Thursday, March 26. 1713.”, in The Guardian, number 13, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […]; and sold by A. Baldwin […], →OCLC, page [2], column 2:

        VVhatever Men vvould undertake from a Paſſion to Glory, vvhatever they vvould do for the Service of their Country, this Youth has a Mind prepar'd to atchieve for the Salv[at]ion of Souls.

      • 1838 October, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “A Psalm of Life. […]”, in Voices of the Night, Cambridge, Mass.: […] John Owen, published 1839, →OCLC, stanza 9, page 7:

        Let us, then, be up and doing, / With a heart for any fate; / Still achieving, still pursuing, / Learn to labor and to wait.

   2. (archaic or literary) Followed by to: to attain a certain position, status, etc. [from 15th c.]
      • 1903 July, Jack London, “The Dominant Primordial Beast”, in The Call of the Wild, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, pages 93–94:

        Spitz was a practised fighter. From Spitzbergen through the Arctic, and across Canada and the Barrens, he had held his own with all manner of dogs and achieved to mastery over them.

   3. (obsolete) To come to an end; conclude, end; also, to result, to turn out; or (uncommon) to be affected by fate in a certain way. [14th–16th c.]
      • 1523 February 7 (Gregorian calendar), Johan Froyssart [i.e., Jean Froissart], “Howe They of Jper and Courtray Turned to the Erle of Flaunders Parte⸝ and How the Towne of Gaunte was Besieged”, in Here Begynneth the First Volum of Sir Johan Froyssart: Of the Cronycles of Englande⸝ Fraunce⸝ Spayne⸝ Portyngale⸝ Scotlande⸝ Bretayne⸝ Flañders: And Other Places Adioynynge. […], 1st volume, London: […] Richarde Pynson⸝ […], →OCLC; reprinted as The First Volum of Sir Johan Froyssart of the Chronycles of Englande⸝ Fraunce⸝ Spayne (The English Experience […]; no. 257), Amsterdam: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum; New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1970, →ISBN, folio ccliii, verso, column 2:

        For god knoweth⸝ and ſo doth all other good townes⸝ that ye be ĩ [in] the ryght of this warre. Wherfore all your buſynes ſhall acheue the better.

      • 1531 March 20 (date written; Gregorian calendar), [Antonio de Guevara], “A Letter Sente by Marc the Emperour to Cyncinatus His Frende, bycause He Beinge a Gentylman Became a Marchant. The .VII. Letter.”, in John Bourcher knyghte Lord Barners [i.e., John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners], transl., The Golden Boke of Marcus Aurelius Emperour and Eloquent Oratour, London: […] Thomæ Bertheleti […], published 1535, →OCLC, folios 120, recto – 120, verso:

        The goddis unmortal haue made al thinges cõmunicable to mẽ mortal, except imortalite: ⁊ therfore they be callid ĩmortal, bicauſe they neuer dy, ⁊ we be called mortal and fallyng, bicauſe we all take an ende. […] O my frende Cincinate, thus acheueth the perſones, but the goodes neuer.

        The gods unmortal have made all things communicable to men mortal, except immortality: & therefore they be called immortal, because they never die, & we be called mortal and falling, because we all take an end. […] O my friend Cincinate, thus achieveth [endeth] the persons, but the gods never.

Conjugation

別の表記

• atchieve (obsolete)

派生語

関連する語

• cheve (obsolete)
• escheve (obsolete)

参照

Further reading

• achievement (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• L5625 on Wikidata.Wikidata
• “achieve”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• “achieve”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

アナグラム

• acheive