英和和英

別の表記

• ol, ol', ole (colloquial)
• owld (eye dialect)
• aad (Geordie)
• oul, oul', ould (Ireland)
• olde (archaic)
• aud, aul, auld (archaic, Northern England, Liverpool, Scotland, Ireland)
• wold (archaic, dialect, West Country, Dorset, Devon)

語源

Inherited from 中期英語 old, oold, from 古期英語 ald, eald (“old, aged, ancient, antique, primeval”), from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), originally a participle form, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eltós (“grown, tall, big”).

発音

enPR: ōld

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /əʊld/, [ɒʊɫd]
• (Standard Southern British) IPA: /əwld/, [ɔw(ɫ)d], (doll–dole merger) /ˈɔld/
• (Scotland) IPA: /old/, [oɫd]
• (Wales, without the toe–tow merger) IPA: /ould/, [ouɫd]
• (Northumbria) IPA: /aːd/, /aʊld/
• (米国発音, Canada) IPA: /ˈoʊld/, [ˈoːɫd]
• (General Australian) IPA: /əʉld/, [əʉɫd]
• (New Zealand) IPA: /ɐʉld/, [ɒʊ(ɫ)d]
• 韻: -əʊld

形容詞

old (comparative older or elder, superlative oldest or eldest or (US, dialectal) oldermost)

1. Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.

   an old abandoned building

   an old friend

   • 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

     They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

   • 2025 March 9, Nic F. Anderson, “Tired of subway delays? The MTA wants to fix that by strapping Google smartphones to New York trains”, in CNN‎:

     When asked why the devices were retrofitted on older models instead of newer ones, Sarno said the MTA typically uses older car models when making modifications in case there are any unwanted effects.

   1. Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.

      a wrinkled old man

   2. Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.

      an old loaf of bread

   3. Of a species or language, belonging to a lineage that is distantly related to others.

      the ginkgo is one of the oldest living trees

      Basque is the oldest language in Europe

2. Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.

   I find that an old toothbrush is good to clean the keyboard with.

3. Having existed or lived for the specified time.

   How old are they? She’s five years old and he's seven. We also have a young teen and a two-year-old child.

   My great-grandfather lived to be a hundred and one years old.

4. Of an earlier time.
   1. Former, previous.

      My new car is not as good as my old one.  a school reunion for Old Etonians

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

        The humor of my proposition appealed more strongly to Miss Trevor than I had looked for, and from that time forward she became her old self again; for, even after she had conquered her love for the Celebrity, the mortification of having been jilted by him remained.

      • 1994, Michael Grumley, Life Drawing:

        But over my old life, a new life had formed.

   2. That is no longer in existence.

      The footpath follows the route of an old railway line.

   3. Obsolete; out-of-date.

      That is the old way of doing things; now we do it this way.

   4. Familiar.

      When he got drunk and quarrelsome they just gave him the old heave-ho.

      • 1991, Stephen Fry, chapter III, in The Liar, London: William Heinemann, →ISBN, page 26:

        Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

   5. (UK) Being a graduate or alumnus of a school, especially a public school.
5. Tiresome after prolonged repetition.
   • 1995, MacUser, volume 11, MacUser Publications, page 147:

     Rik: But even great shtick can get old real fast: the dreaded Saturday Night Live syndrome.
     Jim: Randomness can help - many Living Books have characters that do different things each time you click on them.

   • 2000, Charles A. Siringo, A Texas Cowboy: or, Fifteen Years on the Hurricane Deck of a Spanish Pony, Penguin, →ISBN, page 100:

     John and I built a small stone house on the head of “Bonetta” Canyon and had a hog killing time all by ourselves. Hunting was our delight at first, until it became old.

   • 2008, Homer L. Hall, Logan H. Aimone, High School Journalism, The Rosen Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 171:

     The songs start to get old real fast, and it's easy to get bored after the third song.

   • 2012, Blossom, From Under a Bridge Ii, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 40:

     It was the same old thing every week, working and drinking, working and drinking. It became old and I got really sick of it.

   Your constant pestering is getting old.

6. Said of subdued colors, particularly reds, pinks and oranges, as if they had faded over time.

   Synonym: antique

7. A grammatical intensifier, often used in describing something positive, and combined with another adjective.

   We're having a good old time.

   My next car will be a big old SUV.

   My wife makes the best little old apple pie in Texas.

   Look at Murphy playing with newest old favorite toy; he loves it!

   any old

   Synonym: ol'

8. (informal, of a person or pet) Indicating affection and familiarity.
   • 1951 July 16, J[erome] D[avid] Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, page 165:

     Finally, when they were all done slobbering around, old Sally introduced us.

9. Designed for a mature audience; unsuitable for children below a certain age.
   • 1868, Oliver Optic's Magazine: Our Boys and Girls ..., page 431:

     Monsieur's story is too old for our Juvenile Magazine.

   • 1998, Rita Schrank, Science, Math, and Nutrition for Toddlers: Setting the Stage for Serendipity:

     The text is too old for toddlers, but the colorful photographs are large enough and appropriate for them.

   • 2006 January 9, Christine L. Williams, Inside Toyland: Working, Shopping, and Social Inequality, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 219:

     Diane Ehrensaft (1997) finds that middle-class parents typically buy "older" toys for their children to encourage accelerated development.

   • 2019 12, Sean David Burke, Lighting the Literacy Fire, Lulu.com, →ISBN, page 131:

     If you feel you have to leave something out because it's too horrible, then either the story is too old for the child, or you fail to understand the way your child will accept the rough justice and feel inwardly content at the outcome.

   • 2021, Joe Brumm, “Chest”, in Bluey, season 3, episode 11:

     Bluey: Oh! It's like checkers!
     Bandit: Yeah, but a lot harder than checkers.
     Chilli: And so probably a bit old for Bluey, right?

10. (obsolete) Excessive, abundant.
    • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

      URSULA: Madam, you must come to your uncle. Yonder's old coil at home: it is proved, my Lady Hero hath been falsely accused, the prince and Claudio mightily abused;

同意語

• (having existed for a long period of time): ancient, long in the tooth, paleo-; see also Thesaurus:old
• (having lived for many years): aged, ageing / aging, elderly, long in the tooth, on in years; see also Thesaurus:elderly
• (having existed or lived for the specified time): aged, of age
• (former): erstwhile, ex-, former, one-time, past; see also Thesaurus:former
• (out-of-date): antiquated, obsolete (of words), outdated; see also Thesaurus:obsolete

反意語

• (antonym(s) of “having existed for a long period of time”): brand new, fresh, new, neo-, ceno-
• (antonym(s) of “having lived for many years”): young
• (antonym(s) of “former”): current, latest, new

派生語

名詞

old (countable and uncountable, plural olds)

1. (with the, invariable plural only) People who are old; old beings; the older generation, taken as a group.

   A civilised society should always look after the old in the community.

2. (slang) A person older than oneself, especially an adult in relation to a teenager.

   Near-synonyms: geezer, oldie, oldster; see also Thesaurus:old person

   I'm not letting an old wreck my good time today.

   I'm not letting any olds wreck my good time today.

3. (slang, most often plural) One's parents.

   I had to sneak out to meet my girlfriend and tell the olds I was going to the library.

4. (Australia, uncountable) A typically dark-coloured lager brewed by the traditional top-fermentation method.

   Antonym: new

   • 2010, Peter Corris, Torn Apart, Allen and Unwin, page 117:

     We crossed to the pub on the corner of Carlisle Street and I ordered two schooners of old for him and one of light for me.

アナグラム

• DLO, DOL, Dol, LDO, LOD, Lo'd, LoD, Lod, dol, lod

語源

Inherited from Anglian 古期英語 ald, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-.

Forms with /ɛː/ are either from forms such as West Saxon 古期英語 and Kentish 古期英語 eald or due to analogy with the comparative eldre or superlative eldest.

発音

• IPA: /ɔːld/
• (Northern) IPA: /aːld/
• (especially Southern) IPA: /ɛːld/

形容詞

old (plural and weak singular olde, comparative eldre, superlative eldest)

1. Old; long extant or existent:
   1. Elderly; advanced in life or lifecycle.
   2. Familiar, habitual; established as practice.
   3. Relating to old age or senescence.
2. From or relating to an earlier era; ancient:
   1. Old-fashioned, archaic; following previous custom.
   2. No longer extant or in use; former.
3. Aged; worn or used from age:
   1. (of food and drink) Matured, stale.
   2. (astronomy, of the moon) In the waning crescent.
4. Mature (fully developed; past its youth).
5. Old (having existed for a given time).

使用する際の注意点

• Especially in late Middle English, the analogical comparative oldre and superlative oldest are also seen.

派生した語

• English: old (dialectal ole, ould, wold)

  Geordie: aad

• Scots: aald, auld
• Yola: yole, yold, yola, yoella, yolaw

参照

• “ōld(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

名詞

old

1. A moon in its first phase after new; a waxing crescent.
   • 1225, Dialogue on Vices and Virtues:

     Wið-uten ðe læche ðe loceð after mannes ikynde, þe newe oðer elde, and ðe wrihte his timber to keruen after ðare mone, ðe is ikyndelich þing; elles hit is al ȝedwoll.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

同意語

• olde mone