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eorl

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/03/08 00:41 UTC 版)

語源

Learned borrowing from 古期英語 eorl. Doublet of earl and jarl.

名詞

eorl (plural eorls)

  1. (historical) An Anglo-Saxon of noble rank; a nobleman ranking above a thane; alderman.

アナグラム

古期英語

語源

From Proto-Germanic *erlaz, further origin unknown; cognate with Old Saxon erl, Old High German erl, Old Norse jarl. The use of this term in reference to specific positions and ranks is likely a semantic loan from Old Norse jarl and Old French conte.

発音

名詞

eorl m

  1. A nobleman; a male belonging to the nobility.
  2. A warrior or hero.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:cempa
    • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8‎:
      Iċ…, eald ǣfensceōp, eorlum bringe blisse in burgum.
      I…, old evening scop, bring bliss in towns for brave men.
  3. In senses referring to specific noble ranks or governmental positions:
    1. A Norse under-king; a jarl.
    2. An ealdorman (Anglo-Saxon high nobleman and governmental official).
      Synonym: ealdorman
      Coordinate term: hlǣfdīġe
    3. A count of continental Europe.

語形変化

Strong a-stem:

singular plural
nominative eorl eorlas
accusative eorl eorlas
genitive eorles eorla
dative eorle eorlum

派生語

  • eorlcund (“noble”)
  • eorldōm
  • eorlġebyrd (“nobility”)
  • eorlsċiepe (“earlship”)

派生した語

  • Middle English: erl, erle, ȝierl, eerl, erille, eryl, ȝerle, ȝorle, yerl (Late Middle English), eorl, url (Southern, West Midland)
    • English: earl
    • Middle Scots: erle, erll, ȝerle
      • Scots: yerl, yarl (merged with Old Norse jarl)
    • Yola: earle

参照

  1. ^ Björkman, Erik (1902), “Chapter II. Non-phonetic loan-word tests”, in Scandinavian loan-words in Middle English (Studien zur Englischen Philologie; 12)‎, Part II, Halle A.S.: Max Niemeyer, page 236.
  2. ^ Dance, Richard (2003), Words derived from Old Norse in early Middle English: studies in the vocabulary of the South-West Midland texts (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies; 246)‎, Part B, Tempe, Arizona: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, →ISBN, →OCLC, § 3.1, page 419:
    That the specific, modern English application of EORL derives from the usage of ON jarl (‘a Danish under-king’), more synonymous with OE ealdormann in its meaning as a regional governor than the looser, more poetic OE eorl, is beyond reasonable doubt.
中期英語

名詞

eorl

  1. (Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, Somerset, Worcestershire) alternative form of erl
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発音記号

  • / eorl / (米国英語)

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