英和和英

語源

From in- (“in, at, on; into”) +‎ pōnō (“place, put”).

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ɪmˈpoː.noː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [imˈpɔː.no]

動詞

impōnō (present infinitive impōnere, perfect active imposuī or imposīvī, supine impositum or impostum); third conjugation

1. to place, lay, set, or put on, in, into, over, or upon

   Synonyms: pono, colloco, loco, sisto, figo, constituo, statuo, defigo

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.42:

     Caesar, quod neque conloquium interposita causa tolli volebat neque salutem suam Gallorum equitatui committere audebat, commodissimum esse statuit omnibus equis Gallis equitibus detractis eo legionarios milites legionis X., cui quam maxime confidebat, imponere, ut praesidium quam amicissimum, si quid opus facto esset, haberet.

     Caesar, as he didn't want either the interview to be for any reason set aside or confide his wellbeing in the hands of the Gallic cavalry, said he saw as most fit the Gallic horsemen be stripped off their steeds and in their place mount legionaries of the 10th legion, in which he had the utmost faith, that he might have as trusted a body-guard as one could have if the occasion ever urged its use.

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.453:

     [...] tūricremīs cum dōna impōneret ārīs [...].

     [...] when [Dido] would place her gifts upon the incense-burning altars [...].

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.14:

     […] : mulis strata detrahi iubet binisque tantum centunculis relictis agasones partim captivis, partim aegrorum armis ornatos imponit.

     […] : he orders the mules to be stripped off their saddles and, leaving them only some two small pieces of patchwork to be sat on, be mounted with their muleteers carrying weapons taken from either the prisoners or the sick.

2. (figuratively) to impose upon, put upon, lay upon, inflict upon, fix, put, enjoin

   Synonym: īnflīgō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.619:

     “‘Ēripe, nāte, fugam, fīnemque impōne labōrī.’”

     “‘Flee, my son! [Make your] escape, and put an end to your struggle.’”

3. (figuratively) to establish, fix, impose (e.g. a tax)

   Synonyms: constituo, statuo

Conjugation

At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

派生した語

参照

• “impono”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “impono”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “impono”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to place on the funeral-pyre: aliquem in rogum imponere
    
  • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    
  • to put the finishing touch to a work: extrema manus accēdit operi (active extremam manum imponere operi)
    
  • to lay the yoke of slavery on some one: alicui servitutem iniungere, imponere
    
  • to impose tribute on some one: vectigalia, tributa alicui imponere
    
  • to embark an army: exercitum in naves imponere (Liv. 22. 19)
    
• impono in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016