英和和英

語源

By surface analysis, iūs +‎ -ō. From Old Latin iovesō, from *iowez- (the oblique stem of *iowos, whence iūs) + -ō. Ultimately from from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew-.

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈjuː.roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈjuː.ro]

動詞

iūrō (present infinitive iūrāre, perfect active iūrāvī, supine iūrātum); first conjugation

1. to confirm formally, to pronounce enforceably, to swear, to vow, to take an oath
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.425–426:

     “Nōn ego cum Danaīs Troiānam exscindere gentem
     Aulide iūrāvī, classemve ad Pergama mīsī, [...].”

     “I never swore the Grecian oath at Aulis to destroy the Trojan race, nor did I send warships against Pergamum, [...].”

Conjugation

At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

派生語

派生した語

参照

• “juro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “iuro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “iuro”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • I swear on my conscience: ex animi mei sententia iuro
    
  • to swear obedience to a law: in legem iurare (Sest. 16. 37)
    
  • (ambiguous) to give the state a constitution: civitati leges, iudicia, iura describere
    
  • (ambiguous) anarchy reigns supreme: omnia divina humanaque iura permiscentur (B. C. 1. 6. 8)
    
  • (ambiguous) to trample all law under foot: omnia iura pervertere