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意味

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lugubris

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2025/03/24 01:23 UTC 版)

語源

From the root of lūgeō (“mourn, lament”) via Proto-Italic *lougosris or *leugosris, built on a neuter s-stem noun *lougos/*leugos with change of sr→br (compare muliebris, fūnebris). Sen 2015 identifies the ending as the suffix *-lis, making the original formation *leug-os-lis, with subsequent dissimilation of l...l to l...r. An alternative theory derives it from *lūge-blis, with the same dissimilation.

発音

(Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈluː.ɡu.bris/, [ˈɫ̪uːɡʊbrɪs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈlu.ɡu.bris/, [ˈluːɡubris]

形容詞

lūgubris (neuter lūgubre, adverb lūgubre or lūgubriter); third-declension two-termination adjective

of or pertaining to mourning
- 163 BCE, Publius Terentius Afer, Heauton Timorumenos 2.3.44–45:
  
  Texentem tēlam studiōsē ipsam offendimus,
  mediocriter vestītam veste lūgubrī […]
  
  We found her studiously weaving at the loom,
  modestly dressed in mourning clothes […]
that causes mourning, disastrous; pitiable
- 23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 2.1.33–36:
  
  Quī gurgēs aut quae flūmina lūgubris
  ignāra bellī? Quod mare Dauniae
  nō n dēcolorāvere caedēs?
  quae caret ōra cruōre nostrō?
  
  What seas or rivers are unaware
  of the disastrous war? Which sea the Daunian
  slaughters haven't stained?
  Which shore lacks our blood?
mournful, doleful, plaintive
gloomy, sinister, mean

語形変化

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
	singular			plural
nominative	lūgubris	lūgubre		lūgubrēs	lūgubria
genitive	lūgubris			lūgubrium
dative	lūgubrī			lūgubribus
accusative	lūgubrem	lūgubre		lūgubrēs lūgubrīs	lūgubria
ablative	lūgubrī			lūgubribus
vocative	lūgubris	lūgubre		lūgubrēs	lūgubria

派生語

lūgubrē
lūgubria
lūgubriter

派生した語

→ Catalan: lúgubre
→ English: lugubrious
→ French: lugubre
Italian: lugubre
→ Portuguese: lúgubre
→ Romanian: lugubru
→ Spanish: lúgubre
>? Portuguese: lôbrego
>? Spanish: lóbrego
- →? Catalan: llòbrec

参照

↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “lūgeō (> Derivatives: lūgubris)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 351
↑ Ranjan Sen (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 91

Further reading

“lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“lugubris”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
lugubris in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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