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paene

出典:『Wiktionary』 (2026/06/07 19:12 UTC 版)

ラテン語

語源

Possibly from the same root as patior (“to suffer”); this may be Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-(i)- (“to hurt”) (this is supported by Pokorny), but its standard reconstruction as *peh₁-(i)- (or *peh₁y-) creates phonetic problems for the Latin. Neri (2007), following Vine, derives it Proto-Indo-European *p(e)-ai-ni- (“not entirely; from whom has been taken away; who takes away”), from *pe- (“away”) + *h₁ai- (“to take, give”), but this is doubtful since a PIE *h₁ai- sequence is phonologically invalid and the preverb *pe- (“away”) is itself uncertain. So, the etymology is unresolved.

The original meaning was likely “lacking, missing” (> “falling short”), as preserved in the related words paeniteō (“to cause dissatisfaction/regret”) and paenūria (“shortage”).

発音

副詞

paene (superlative paenissimē)

  1. almost, nearly
    Synonyms: prope, fermē, ferē, iū̆xtā
  2. (with negative) scarcely, hardly, barely

派生語

関連する語

派生した語

  • Aromanian: pãnã, pãn
  • Romanian: până
  • → English: pene-

参照

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pe(i)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 792-93
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peh₁i̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 459–460
  3. ↑ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “paene”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 439

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