英和和英

語源

From Ancient Greek πρᾶγμα (prâgma, “a thing done, a fact”). In the technical senses perhaps a back-formation from pragmatic or a clipping of pragmat used earlier in ALGOL.

発音

• IPA: /ˈpɹæɡmə/

名詞

pragma (plural pragmas or pragmata)

1. (programming) A compiler directive; data embedded in source code by programmers to indicate some intention to a compiler.

   Synonym: (in ALGOL) pragmat

   This pragma stops the compiler from generating those warnings we don't care about.

   • 2012, Robert Oshana, DSP for Embedded and Real-Time Systems, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 218:

     […] users may also want to disable functionality such as function inlining via either a compiler command line option or compiler pragma, depending on the build tools system and functionality supported.

2. (Internet) In early versions of HTTP, a general header that specifies some implementation-specific directive, to any recipient, and may specify that the HTTP response should not be cached.
   • 1996 May, T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk, “Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.0”, in RFC Editor, →ISSN, RFC 1945:

     It is not possible to specify a pragma for a specific recipient; however, any pragma directive not relevant to a recipient should be ignored by that recipient.

3. (uncommon) A practical thing or action, as opposed to theory or belief (dogma).
   • 1939, Jacques Barzun, Of Human Freedom, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, page 129:

     At any given minute, we must choose between habitual action and thoughtful action, between Dogma and Pragma.

   • 1961 April, R. A. Lafferty, “All the People”, in Galaxy Science Fiction‎:

     "If it is practical, a pragma, it is a thing and not a theory."

   • 2023 May 20, Daniel Hannan, “The Conservative coalition is falling apart. Too many Tories have given up on freedom”, in The Telegraph‎, →ISSN:

     Other speakers railed against “neo-liberal dogma”; but a dogma is a belief that you hold regardless of evidence. No one comes to economic liberalism through dogma. In theory, a planned economy might work better than one left to arrange itself; in practice, it never does. Classical liberalism, far from being a dogma, is a pragma.

アナグラム

• grampa

発音

• (Classical Latin) IPA: [ˈpraːɡ.ma]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: [ˈpraɡ.ma]

名詞

prāgma n (genitive prāgmatis); third declension

1. (Late Latin) a matter, affair, business

   Synonym: (Classical) rēs f

   • AD 4th century, Gaius Julius Victor, Ars rhetorica Hermagorae, Ciceronis, Quintiliani, Aquili, Marconmanni, Tatiani 3.4.378.34–36:

     Qualitatis status vel in primis ad notitiam necessarius est, propterea quod multiformis ac varius est et in plerisque forensibus negotiis magis quam in pragmatibus scholasticis assiduus.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

語形変化

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Further reading

• “pragma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “pragma”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC
• “pragma”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1233/2.
• prāgma in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 1905
• "1. PRAGMA", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• "2. PRAGMA", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)