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形容詞

proterokinetic (not comparable)

1. (linguistics, of an Indo-European noun) Having a shifting (mobile) accent that falls on the root (alternatively, the first or penultimate syllable of the stem) in the direct case-forms, and on the suffix (alternatively, the ultimate syllable of the stem) in the weak case-forms.

   Synonym: proterodynamic

   The Proto-Indo-European word for ‘thought’ was proterokinetic: nominative singular *mén-ti-s, genitive *mn̥-téy-s.

   • 1995, Andrew L. Sihler, New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford University Press, page 279:

     Proterokinetic ('earlier-mobile'): the accent moves between the first syllable and the stem. As in the acrostatic type, ablauting endings were in zero grade. The type is clearly seen in the ablauting u-stem neuters and their analogs, as *doru 'tree, wood', gen. *drews (that is, *dór-u, *dr-éw-s); *nóm-n̥ 'name', gen. *n̥m-én-s; *gʷén-H₂- 'woman', gen. *gʷn-éH₂-s.

   • 2006, Don Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European To Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press, pages 45-46:

     The other three polysyllabic types exhibited alternating accent: on the leftmost syllable of the stem in the direct cases and on the endings in the oblique cases ('amphikinetic' accent); on the rightmost syllable of the stem in the direct cases and on the endings in the oblique cases ('hysterokinetic' accent); or on the penultimate syllable of the stem in the direct cases and on the rightmost syllable of the stem in the oblique cases ('proterokinetic accent). Note that in every one of these patterns the accent was to the left in the direct cases and to the right in the oblique cases. [...] Proterokinetic inflection may have been the most widespread type among polysyllabic athematic nouns in late PIE. Whole classes of nouns followed this accent paradigm, including, for instance, feminine nouns in */-tey-/ (e.g. *dʰéh₁-ti- ~ *dʰh₁-téy- 'act of putting', *gʷém-ti- ~ *gʷm̥-téy- 'step, act of walking', *mén-ti- ~ *mn̥-téy- 'thought'), masculine nouns in */-tew-/ (e.g. *ǵéws-tu- ~ *ǵus-téw- 'taste'), most neuters in */-men-/ (e.g. *séh₁-mn̥ ~ *sh₁-mén- 'seed'), most feminines in *-h₂- that were not derived from o-stems (e.g. *gʷénh₂- - ~ *gʷnéh₂- 'woman', *h₁widʰéwh₂- ~ *h₁widʰwéh₂- 'widow'), and a large number of neuter r/n-stems (e.g. *péh₂wr̥ ~ *ph₂uén- 'fire'; cf. Schindler 1975a: 9-10).

   • 2010, Benjamin W. Fortson IV, Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, 2nd edition, page 120:

     In proterokinetic nouns, the root is in the full grade and accented in the strong cases, and both accent and full grade shift to the suffix in the weak cases. Most i- and u-stems (§6.42) in Sanskrit appear to have been proterokinetic

使用する際の注意点

• Some definitions, such as that of Fortson 2010, apply this term only to athematic nouns that contain at least three morphemes: a root, a derivational suffix, and an inflectional ending (marking case/number), in that order (treating root nouns separately). Other definitions, such as that of Ringe 2006, define the class of proterokinetic nouns in terms of the ablaut and accentuation patterns of the stem versus the ending (where the stem encompasses both the root and suffix in nouns such as *méntis).

等位語

• acrostatic
• amphikinetic
• hysterokinetic