郭羅の英語

都城とは広義には城壁で囲まれた都市全般を指すが（→城郭都市）、狭義には「条坊制」に則って設計・建設された首都あるいは副都（陪都）で、「羅城」と呼ばれる城壁で市域を囲郭されたものをいう。例文帳に追加

In a broad sense, Tojo refers to city at large surrounded by walls (walled city) and, in a more limited sense, it refers to a capital or secondary capital city (Baito) designed and constructed in conformity with 'jobosei' (street plan of ancient capital) whose city area was surrounded by walls called 'Rajo'.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

ただし、異民族の侵攻の恐れのある大陸においては、郭城（塀＝羅城をめぐらした城）であるが、島国である日本では城壁は作られず（大宰府には城壁があったとも考えられている)。例文帳に追加

However, walls were not constructed around the capital cities in Japan because invasion by other races was not considered a threat because Japan was an island (Dazaifu might have been built with walls), although a castle with outer bailey (a capital surrounded by walls) was seen in the continent where invasion by different races was feared.発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

京畿道まで進出した日本軍は、冬の訪れを前にして寒冷期の漢江渡河の困難さを鑑み、慶尚道から全羅道の沿岸部へ撤収し、文禄の役の際に築かれた城郭群域の外縁部（東は蔚山から西は順天市に至る範囲）に新たな城郭群を築いて久留の計を目指した。例文帳に追加

Before winter, taking into consideration the difficulty of crossing Han-gang during the cold season, the Japanese army, which advanced to Gyeonggi Province, retreated from Gyeongsang Province to the coastal area of Jeolla Province and tried to build a permanent camp by constructing a number of new castles on the outer border of the area of castles constructed during Bunroku war (ranging from Ulsan in the east to Suncheon-si in the west).発音を聞く  - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス