palmitoylationとは 意味・読み方・使い方

S-Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, to cysteine residues of membrane proteins. The precise function of palmitoylation depends on the particular protein being considered. Palmitoylation enhances the hydrophobicity of proteins and contributes to their membrane association. Palmitoylation also appears to play a significant role in subcellular trafficking of proteins between membrane compartments, as well as in modulating protein-protein interactions.In contrast to prenylation and myristoylation, palmitoylation is reversible (because the bond between palmitic acid and protein is ester bond). The reverse reaction is catalysed by palmitoyl protein thioesterases. Because S-palmitoylation is a dynamic, post-translational process, it is believed to be employed by the cell to alter the subcellular localization, protein-protein interactions, or binding capacities of a protein.