1. 投獄、リハビリテーション、執行猶予と仮釈放のシステムを通じた犯罪者の社会統制(the social control of offenders through a system of imprisonment and rehabilitation and probation and parole)
2. 有罪となった犯罪者の処置を管理する役割を果たす地方自治の部門(the department of local government that is responsible for managing the treatment of convicted offenders)